The fate of Venezuela hinges on the country’s once-proud energy sector. Since Maduro’s capture two weeks ago, questions about how the industry could be recovered have become critically important: What’s the real state of the Venezuelan oil industry today? Under what conditions might U.S. companies be able to deliver on the $100 billion in investment that President Trump says is needed? Can the interim government of Delcy Rodríguez deliver those conditions? Today on the podcast, we take a realistic look at what political and economic steps are necessary for the Venezuelan oil industry to begin its long recovery. Our guest is Luis Pacheco, a nonresident fellow at Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy and former president of the ad hoc PDVSA board.