Researchers are hot on the trail of the new coronavirus. They’re looking for its weaknesses in hopes of stopping it from spreading and putting those who get COVID-19 in a better position to fight it.
Kerri Miller and listeners talked with virologist Angela Rasmussen and infectious disease fellow Dr. Megan Culler Freeman this week about what we know about the virus; how it enters and affects our bodies; and what we have yet to learn.
Below are some of the interview’s highlights, which have been edited for clarity and brevity.
Does the novel coronavirus look like other viruses? What does it mean when people say it’s surrounded by oily molecules?
Angela Rasmussen: The oily molecule that you're referring to is actually the viral envelope, and that is derived from the membrane of the host cell that it's affecting. So as much as that oily envelope is encircling the virus, it also is what encircles every single cell in your body. That can be disrupted with soap.
When the virus particle is out in the environment, for example, such as on your hands, the soap itself disrupts the oily layer that's in the middle of that envelope. When it's disrupted, the spikes (the pointed things we see in close-up pictures of the virus), which are needed in order for the virus to infect a host cell, are removed from the virus.That renders it inactive.
What if the virus gets inside our bodies? What does it do then?
Megan Culler Freeman: A lot of the disease that we experience is the virus replicating. There are cells in your body that have the receptor ACE-2 — it acts kind of like a lock-and-key mechanism. So, the spikes are the key on the outside of the virus and it has to find a cell with the appropriate lock to unlock and to be able to replicate in that cell.
Any cell in your body that expresses that receptor ACE2 — and we find it in many parts of the body (blood vessel cells, lungs, intestines) — would be able to support replication of the virus. And then part of the disease that you ...