The mighty eosinophil had triumphed. The last parasitic worm lay vanquished beneath his granule-studded pseudopodia. For years, he’d battled helminthic scourge, a hero in mucus armor. But now, with no foes left to smite, he grew restless. He turned his sharp gaze to pollen, peanuts, and pet dander. "Troublemakers," he muttered, unsheathing his cytotoxic arsenal. With righteous zeal, he charged into the sinuses and skin, sparking sneezes and wheals in his wake. “A threat is a threat,” he declared, as a baffled immunoregulatory system looked on. The worms were gone - but the war had only just begun. With more excerpts leaking from the Bloody Minded Cinematic Universe, it’s only a matter of time until our movie deal.

TIMESTAMPS

2:48 - What are eosinophils?  
4:44 - Cutoffs (arbitrary as usual)  
7:12 - The Problem with Eosinophilia  
8:32 - Infective causes  
9:32 - Medications  
10:36 - Other Secondary Causes  
12:32 - Haem Causes - CML and More  
18:08 - Quick Recap  
19:49 - Approach to eosinophilia  
24:31 - Treatment options  
25:52 - Case Study - Not Geraldine, I Promise  
28:52 - Take Home Messages  

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Put on your monocles and kimonos and hop on the monorail to our episode composed of monotonous monologues, monogamously dedicated to that most monolithic and sometimes monoclonal of mononucleated cells. We are monobviously talking about the monocyte. 

TIMESTAMPS

0:57 - Mono-Cyte!  
2:50 - What is a monocyte?  
4:20 - Monocyte subclasses  
6:00 - Role of monocytes  
8:10 - Causes of Monocytopenia  
9:43 - Hairy cell leukaemia  
12:42 - Reactive monocytosis  
15:10 - CMML - Not a Typo  
22:20 - Take Home Messages  

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Behold the field in which I grow my cells and see that it is barren. It’s out of the frying pan and into the aplastic fire with not a cell in sight. Join Nick, Cale and Bashar without two neutrophils to rub together as we talk about an approach to that most concerning of FBC features - pancytopenia. 

TIMESTAMPS

2:22 - Definition of pancytopenia  
4:23 - Spurious pancytopenia  
6:04 - Cutoffs (arbitrary as usual)  
9:43 - Acquired aplastic anaemia  
15:30 - Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes  
18:52 - Environmental toxins  
19:47 - Medications  
20:52 - Haematinic deficiencies  
25:59 - MDS/Leukaemias  
30:54 - Marrow suppression  
33:32 - Infiltrative causes  
36:45 - Viral causes  
38:05 - Approach to pancytopenia  
39:06 - History  
40:12 - Examination  
41:13 - Investigations  
42:27 - Liver failure  
44:30 - Take Home Messages  

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Once again the Bloody Minded Crew have ventured out of the lab to find and trap another haematology registrar from the wards and convince them to come back to the show and talk about cells. Join haematology registrar Dr Lise Kempler as she teaches the team about what to do when that lymphocyte number just creeps up and up and up. 

TIMESTAMPS

2:34 - Aspiring to be a lymphocyte  
5:44 - What are lymphocytes?  
9:52 - Cutoffs (arbitrary as usual)  
13:09 - Infective causes  
15:21 - Morphological clues  
17:23 - Investigations for infectious causes  
17:54 - Flow cytometry  
22:33 - Clues for Badness  
23:34 - Case Studies  
36:18 - T-LPDs  
38:10 - ALL Out of Nowhere  
40:54 - Take Home Messages  

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Whilst most of haematology is spent looking forlornly into the empty neutrophil cupboard like old Mother Hubbard post chemotherapy, the pendulum can also swing to the other extreme. Join us as we unpack the reactive and not-so-reactive causes of a neutrophilia so you don’t get too left-shifted on the wards.

TIMESTAMPS

2:18 - Apologies to the Welsh  
3:07 - Cutoffs (arbitrary as usual)  
4:46 - Left-shift  
7:02 - Spurious neutrophilia  
7:44 - Reactive neutrophilia  
9:09 - Steroids  
13:33 - Leukemoid reaction  
15:48 - Smoking  
18:49 - Clues to MPNs  
20:01 - Chronic myeloid leukaemia  
23:11 - Other MPNs  
24:06 - Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia  
26:08 - MDS/MPN Overlaps  
28:57 - Take Home Messages  

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A lone neutrophil stands alone against a horde of gram negative bacteria. He is the last of his kind, the single granulocyte rising from the ashes of a marrow once verdant with haematopoiesis, now overrun with blasts. As the endotoxin rushes towards him, he smiles, for on the horizon he can see the glimmer of tazocin rushing through the blood vessels like Gandalf leading the Rohirrim to Helm’s Deep. While the Bloody Minded Cinematic Universe remains in pre-production, you can sate your appetite with a podcast on neutropenia for now.

TIMESTAMPS

2:21 - Cutoffs (arbitrary as usual)  
3:10 - An Overview of Granulopoiesis  
5:24 - When is neutropenia urgent?  
6:46 - History  
7:32 - Examination  
10:45 - Artefactual neutropenia  
12:40 - Nutritional causes  
13:43 - Infective causes  
14:42 - Medications  
16:22 - Marrow pathology  
19:27 - Autoimmune causes  
22:26 - Splenomegaly  
22:52 - DANC  
25:33 - Investigations  
28:26 - Management  
32:43 - Take Home Messages

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There’s a problem with billionaires at the moment. Every day, you make a hundred billion platelets. For some in our society, even that colossal quantity isn’t nearly enough. They strive ever onward for even more. Unfettered platelet production all the time forever - after all the number can only go up. But mo’ platelets leads to mo’ problems. Go on a journey with Bashar, Nick and Cale to learn how some patients can become the Bezos of platelets and accumulate more than you can possibly need or want. Don’t let us stop you having a tacky wedding though. 

TIMESTAMPS

2:24 - Cutoffs (arbitrary as usual)  
4:24 - Platelet biology  
6:11 - TPO  
7:53 - Spurious thrombocytosis  
10:50 - Reactive thrombocytosis  
12:30 - Blood loss and thrombocytosis  
13:12 - TPO Kinetics  
16:00 - Iron deficiency and thrombocytosis  
19:10 - Hyposplenism  
20:03 - Drugs  
21:54 - MPNs  
23:53 - Molecular Testing  
25:27 - Clots AND Bleeds?!  
26:58 - A General Approach  
29:17 - Can we test TPO?  
30:29 - Case Study  
31:44 - Take Home Messages  

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Are you a platelet that has been conjugated to an antibody? Sequestered in a spleen? Diluted out by too much saline? Had your precious gold stolen from you? Then you might be entitled to thrombensation! Listen to this episode to learn how we can help YOU approach thrombocytopenia.

TIMESTAMPS

 2:23 - Striking gold where you least expect it
 4:40 - Definition of thrombocytopaenia
 8:06 - What do platelets do?
 9:22 - History for thrombocytopaenia
 12:20 - Exam for thrombocytopaenia
 18:03 - Artefactual thrombocytopaenia
 21:28 - Decreased platelet production
 24:46 - Increased platelet consumption
 24:55 - ITP
 27:43 - APLS
 28:15 - HIT
 29:45 - Thrombotic microangiopathies
 32:09 - Redistribution/Sequestration
 33:41 - Dilutional causes
 34:35 - Pregnancy-Related Causes
 39:23 - Investigations
 42:05 - Platelet Transfusion Thresholds
 44:36 - Take Home Messages 

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Our half empty cup from last week has now runneth over! If having low red cells is a bad thing, then having an extremely high amount must be a good thing, right? WRONG! Join the Bloody Minded Crew  as we explore what happens when we’re on the other side of that Goldilocks zone of red cells. Remember that episode of the Simpsons where they try and force a million germs through a tiny door? It’s like that but in your capillaries.

TIMESTAMPS

2:14 - Official First Aid Advice  
2:30 - Absolute vs. relative erythrocytosis  
4:49 - What's the PCV? What's the haematocrit?  
7:30 - Signs and Symptoms  
10:49 - History for erythrocytosis  
14:02 - Causes of Secondary Erythrocytosis  
21:30 - SGLT2 Inhibitors - Another Reason to Stop Them  
25:36 - Causes of Primary Erythrocytosis  
27:20 - Polycythaemia Rubra Vera  
29:06 - Budd-Chiari Syndrome  
32:20 - Elevated Hb. What Next?  
33:48 - Labs - JAK2 + EPO  
36:10 - Case Studies - Not Pre-Ordained At All  
43:16 - Take Home Messages  

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All that blood study making you faint, fatigued and short of breath? Well, you might be anaemic but how can we tell why? Join us on our first expedition of this season of highs and lows as we take apart the full blood count one episode at a time. Let’s start with an approach to a cup half-empty of blood - anaemia! 

TIMESTAMPS

2:10 - The Motto of Haematology  
3:08 - Definitions - How low is low?  
4:24 - MCV is Key  
6:43 - TICS and RACH have BLOOD in common  
8:47 - TICS(L) - Microcytic Causes  
9:27 - Thalassaemia  
12:58 - Iron deficiency  
19:33 - Chronic disease  
22:39 - Sideroblastic anaemia  
25:35 - Lead poisoning aka med school fodder  
27:46 - RACH - Normocytic Causes  
28:01 - Renal Disease  
30:32 - Acute blood loss  
31:55 - Chronic disease back again  
32:18 - Haemolysis - Pls See Season 2  
34:46 - (Surprise Myeloma - Pls Also See Season 3)  
35:18 - BLOOD - Macrocytic Causes  
35:37 - (Except it could be retics)  
36:33 - B12 Deficiency  
38:43 - Liver Disease  
39:16 - etOh  
39:54 - fOlate Deficiency  
42:04 - Drugs/Dysplasia  
43:19 - The red cell maturation pathway  
45:28 - Megaloblastic vs. non-megaloblastic  
51:09 - Thyroid - might be a thing?  
53:03 - What's in an anaemia work-up?  
57:05 - Take Home Messages

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Check out show notes, additional references and (sometimes) extra content at www.bloodyminded.com.au