In 1791 and 1795, enslaved people plot to overthrow Louisiana's plantation system.

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The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans by Lawrence N. Powell

The World That Made New Orleans: From Spanish Silver to Congo Square by Ned Sublette

Africans in Colonial Louisiana: The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth-Century by Gwendolyn Midlo Hall

"The Pointe Coupee Conspiracy of 1791" by Ulysses S. Ricard, Jr.

"The 1795 Slave Conspiracy in Pointe Coupee: Impact of the French Revolution" by Gwendolyn Midlo Hall

"The Abortive Slave Revolt at Pointe Coupee, Louisiana, 1795" by Jack D. L. Holmes

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Revolutionary ideas make it to New Orleans. The new governor deports potential agitators. A conspiracy develops in Kentucky.

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The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans by Lawrence N. Powell

The World That Made New Orleans: From Spanish Silver to Congo Square by Ned Sublette

"Conflicting Loyalties: The French Revolution and Free People of Color" by Kimberly Hanger

"The 1795 Slave Conspiracy in Pointe Coupee: Impact of the French Revolution" by Gwendolyn Midlo Hall

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The Louisiana economy collapses. Étienne de Boré figures how to make granulated sugar in Louisiana (just as the Haitian Revolution collapses San-Domingue sugar production). New Orleans area plantation owners profit.

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The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans by Lawrence N. Powell

The World That Made New Orleans: From Spanish Silver to Congo Square by Ned Sublette

https://64parishes.org/entry/spanish-colonial-louisiana

https://neworleanshistorical.org/items/show/1655

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With the Spanish governor away on business, New Orleans area plantation owners induce a manhunt for the most famous maroon leader in Louisiana: Juan San Malo (also known as Jean Saint Malo).

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The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans by Lawrence N. Powell

The World That Made New Orleans: From Spanish Silver to Congo Square by Ned Sublette

Spaniards, Planters, and Slaves: The Spanish Regulation of Slavery in Louisiana, 1763–1803 by Gilbert C. Din

Africans In Colonial Louisiana: The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth-Century by Gwendolyn Midlo Hall

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Spain angers New Orleans plantation owners by rewriting the slavery codes. Maroon settlements offer an alternative way of life for enslaved people who run away. This upsets the slavocracy.

READ MORE:

The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans by Lawrence N. Powell

The World That Made New Orleans: From Spanish Silver to Congo Square by Ned Sublette

Spaniards, Planters, and Slaves: The Spanish Regulation of Slavery in Louisiana, 1763–1803 by Gilbert C. Din

https://64parishes.org/entry/slavery-in-french-colonial-louisiana

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Spain builds up New Orleans but can't contain smuggling. White and black militias fight against the British in the American Revolution. Three hurricanes hit New Orleans in three years. The Great New Orleans Fires of 1788 and 1794 destroy almost all that's left.

READ MORE:

The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans by Lawrence N. Powell

The World That Made New Orleans: From Spanish Silver to Congo Square by Ned Sublette

"Early American Hurricanes, 1492-1870" by David M. Ludlum

https://64parishes.org/entry/spanish-colonial-louisiana

https://64parishes.org/entry/hurricanes-in-louisiana

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France gives New Orleans to Spain as an apology for dragging it into the Seven Years' War. New Orleans expels the first Spanish governor, Antonio de Ulloa. Spain sends the Irish-born Alejandro O'Reilly to lay down the law.

(Sometimes known as the Revolt of 1768, the Creole Revolt or the Insurrection of 1768.)

READ MORE:

The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans by Lawrence N. Powell

The World That Made New Orleans: From Spanish Silver to Congo Square by Ned Sublette

https://64parishes.org/entry/french-colonial-louisiana

https://64parishes.org/entry/code-noir-of-louisiana

https://64parishes.org/entry/insurrection-of-1768

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New Orleans rebuilds after another hurricane, flirts with the Enlightenment, wars against Native Americans, embraces smuggling, and establishes a form of slavery unlike what you'd expect.

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The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans by Lawrence N. Powell

The World That Made New Orleans: From Spanish Silver to Congo Square by Ned Sublette

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A quick look at New Orleans's geography. European explorers try to find the Mississippi River's mouth. And the French make a bad economic gamble that results in the founding of New Orleans.

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The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans by Lawrence N. Powell

The World That Made New Orleans: From Spanish Silver to Congo Square by Ned Sublette

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