An article from the University of Cambridge contains this statement, "Researchers have discovered that misreading of therapeutic mRNAs by the cell’s decoding machinery can cause an unintended immune response in the body. They have identified the sequence within the mRNA that causes this to occur and found a way to prevent ‘off-target’ immune responses to enable the safer design of future mRNA therapeutics." Let’s review.

DrBeen: Medical Education Online
https://www.drbeen.com/

FLCCC | Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance
https://covid19criticalcare.com/

Reference list from Dec. 8, 2023
Researchers redesign future mRNA therapeutics to prevent potentially harmful immune responses | University of Cambridge
https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/researchers-redesign-future-mrna-therapeutics-to-prevent-potentially-harmful-immune-responses

N1-methylpseudouridylation of mRNA causes +1 ribosomal frameshifting | Nature
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06800-3

The Shape and Structure of Proteins - Molecular Biology of the Cell - NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26830/#:~:text=A%20protein%20molecule%20is%20made,one%20molecule%20to%20the%20next

Ribosomes, Transcription, Translation | Learn Science at Scitable
https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/ribosomes-transcription-and-translation-14120660/#:~:text=Recall%20that%20mRNA%20molecules%20are,protein%20as%20it%20is%20synthesized

Genetic code - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_code

DNA and RNA codon tables - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_and_RNA_codon_tables

Pseudouridine - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudouridine

Modifications in an Emergency: The Role of N1-Methylpseudouridine in COVID-19 Vaccines | ACS Central Science
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscentsci.1c00197

Ribonucleotide - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonucleotide#:~:text=In%20biochemistry%2C%20a%20ribonucleotide%20is,monomeric%20building%20blocks%20for%20RNA

Translation: DNA to mRNA to Protein | Learn Science at Scitable
https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/translation-dna-to-mrna-to-protein-393/#:~:text=The%20process%20of%20translation%20can,transcription%20as%20well%20as%20tRNA.&text=The%20genes%20in%20DNA%20encode,the%20functions%20necessary%20for%20life

Frontiers | On programmed ribosomal frameshifting: the alternative proteomes
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2012.00242/full#:~:text=Frameshifting%20is%20a%20process%20whereby,downstream%20(%E2%88%921%20frameshift)

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