Ocean energy or marine energy refers to renewable energy obtained from the ocean’s motion (waves, tides, and currents) and thermal properties that are used to generate electricity. It is a largely untapped, consistent, and clean resource that has great potential. But a combination of high development costs and the challenges of operating in such a harsh environment has kept ocean energy as largely a research topic rather than a significant contributor to society’s energy needs. But that is gradually changing.The annual report of the Ocean Energy Systems international collaboration agency highlights many of the ongoing projects in ocean energy.China has tidal power demonstration projects, one of which has continued stable operation for over 8 years. China also has a floating wave power platform producing megawatt-level power.The UK has the world’s largest operational tidal stream project, the MayGen in Pentland Firth, in operation since 2018.The Shetland Tidal Array has been operating for more than nine years.There are additional operating systems in Ireland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain, and Italy. Several other countries have systems under development or planned. In North America, Canada has multiple projects under development. The US has test systems in many locations on both coasts but no commercial-scale projects underway.The ultimate potential for ocean energy is enormous. Estimates are that it could power nearly 57% of U.S. electricity needs from just our two coasts.…