Does weight loss surgery make you thin? What percentage of people is it successful for? Are the side effects worth it and what are they exactly? This episode is a deep dive into bariatric surgery AKA "weight loss" surgery AKA stomach amputation. CW: There are mentions of the O Words, suicide rates and brief mention of calories.

Episode show notes: http://www.fiercefatty.com/165

Support me on Ko-Fi and get the Size Diversity Resource Guide: https://ko-fi.com/fiercefatty/tiers

Comparison of the Performance of Common Measures of Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery for Association With Clinical Outcomes: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2707460

All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Associated with Bariatric Surgery: A Review: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5055056/#:~:text=findings%20have%20emerged.-,Bariatric%20surgical%20patients%20have%3A%201

Comparison of the Performance of Common Measures of Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery for Association With Clinical Outcomes: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2707460

Body Image Disturbances and Weight Bias After Obesity Surgery: Semantic and Visual Evaluation in a Controlled Study, Findings from the BodyTalk Project: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8012323/

Coping With "ob*sity" Stigma Affects Depressed Mood in African-American and White Candidates for Bariatric Surgery: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5670735/#R4

Death Rates and Causes of Death After Bariatric Surgery for Pennsylvania Residents, 1995 to 2004: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4888907/

Depression, Anxiety, and Binge Eating Before and After Bariatric Surgery: Problems that Remain: https://www.scielo.br/j/abcd/a/tZXDCfc855KxdXcFKTbVtHR/?lang=en

Diabetes after Bariatric Surgery: https://www.canadianjournalofdiabetes.com/article/S1499-2671(16)30072-7/fulltext

Ethical questions about surgery raised by scientists: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/196339

Late Relapse of Diabetes After Bariatric Surgery: Not Rare, but Not a Failure: https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/43/3/534/35625/Late-Relapse-of-Diabetes-After-Bariatric-Surgery

Long-Term Follow-up After Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1900516

Long-Term Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Weight Loss at 10 or More Years for All Bariatric Procedures and a Single-Centre Review of 20-Year Outcomes After Adjustable Gastric Banding: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11695-018-3525-0

Mineral Malnutrition Following Bariatric Surgery: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3771134/#:~:text=Bariatric%20surgery%20exacerbates%20preexisting%20malnutrition,with%20micronutrient%20supplementation%20following%20surgery.

Patient experiences of outcomes of bariatric surgery: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/obr.12518

Prevalence of alcohol use disorders before and after bariatric surgery: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3682834/#:~:text=There%20is%20some%20evidence%20that

Recent Experiences of Weight-based Stigmatization in a Weight Loss Surgery Population: Psychological and Behavioral Correlates: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1038/oby.2008.457

Risk of suicide and non-fatal self-harm after bariatric surgery: results from two matched cohort studies: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5932484/

Risk of suicide and self-harm is increased after bariatric surgery - a systematic review and meta-analysis: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11695-018-3493-4

Substance Use after Bariatric Surgery: A Review: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4789154/

Suicide rates after bariatric surgery: https://bariatrictimes.com/understanding-postoperative-suicide-self-injury/#:~:text=Based%20on%20their%20analysis%2C%20the,3.2%E2%80%935.1%2F10%2C000

Survival among high-risk patients after bariatric surgery: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21666276/#:~:text=Results%3A%20Among%20patients%20who%20had,and%2015.2%25%20for%20nonsurgical%20controls.

The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Psychological Health: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jobe/2013/837989/

Untold stories of living with a bariatric body: long-term experiences of weight-loss surgery: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9566.12999

"But Everything Is Supposed to Get Better After Surgery!" Understanding Postoperative Suicide and Self-Injury: https://bariatrictimes.com/understanding-postoperative-suicide-self-injury/

Long-term weight regain after gastric bypass: a 5-year prospective study: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5459557_Long-term_Weight_Regain_after_Gastric_Bypass_A_5-year_Prospective_Study

Anti-Diet by Christy Harrison: https://christyharrison.com/book-anti-diet-intuitive-eating-christy-harrison

Ethical Questions About Surgery Raised By Scientists: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/196339

Food Junk Science Blog: http://junkfoodscience.blogspot.com/2007/01/junkfood-science-weekend-special.html

Suicide Rates: https://bariatrictimes.com/understanding-postoperative-suicide-self-injury/#:~:text=Based%20on%20their%20analysis%2C%20the,3.2%E2%80%935.1%2F10%2C000

Kaitlin Anderle Who Had Surgery: https://www.instagram.com/p/B9B7HwSh3RM/

Roxane Gay - What Fullness Is: https://gay.medium.com/the-body-that-understands-what-fullness-is-f2e40c40cd75

Lindo Bacon on Bariatric Surgery: https://www.lindobacon.com/HAESbook/pdf_files/HAES_Bariatric-Surgery.pdf

Prevalence of alcohol use disorders before and after bariatric surgery: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3682834/#:~:text=There%20is%20some%20evidence%20that

Mineral Malnutrition Following Bariatric Surgery: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3771134/#:~:text=Bariatric%20surgery%20exacerbates%20preexisting%20malnutrition,with%20micronutrient%20supplementation%20following%20surgery.

Substance Use after Bariatric Surgery: A Review: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4789154/

Early mortality among Medicare beneficiaries undergoing bariatric surgical procedures: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16234496/#:~:text=The%20rates%20of%2030%2Dday,001

All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Associated with Bariatric Surgery: A Review: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5055056/#:~:text=findings%20have%20emerged.-,Bariatric%20surgical%20patients%20have%3A%201

Survival among high-risk patients after bariatric surgery: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21666276/#:~:text=Results%3A%20Among%20patients%20who%20had,and%2015.2%25%20for%20nonsurgical%20controls.

Death Rates and Causes of Death After Bariatric Surgery for Pennsylvania Residents, 1995 to 2004: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4888907/

No evidence that bariatric surgeries save healthcare costs or save lives: http://junkfoodscience.blogspot.com/2008/09/no-evidence-that-bariatric-surgeries.html

Quote from Junkfood Science: http://junkfoodscience.blogspot.com/2007/02/rumor-versus-facts.html

Accidents or Unintentional Injuries: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/accidental-injury.htm

Early Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries Undergoing Bariatric Surgical Procedures: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/201707

Today we have listener questions! What do you say to someone who claims you are promoting fatness? What things can you do to be a helpful fat ally and what things aren't so great? Where can I find fat trans and nonbinary masculine representation? What to say when someone comments on your unintentional weight loss due to illness? I've got all these covered in this episode!

Episode show notes: http://www.fiercefatty.com/164

Support me on Ko-Fi and get the Size Diversity Resource Guide: https://ko-fi.com/fiercefatty/tiers

Fat trans/non binary masc folks: Jordan Underwood: https://www.instagram.com/jordallenhall/?hl=en

Caleb Luna: https://www.instagram.com/dr_chairbreaker/

J Aprileo: https://www.instagram.com/comfyfattravels/

Da'Shaun L. Harrison: https://www.instagram.com/dashaunlh/

Bryan Guffey: https://www.instagram.com/blackqueeriroh/

Heart: https://www.instagram.com/transyogateacher/

Nat DiFrank: https://www.instagram.com/transfats3xedu/

The non-binary jennifer coolidge: https://www.instagram.com/trans.surrealness/

Mateo Valentino Díaz: https://www.instagram.com/happyfattransman/

Fat Allyship: https://www.nylon.com/beauty/what-is-the-role-of-an-ally-to-the-fat-community

How do anti-fat culture and hustle culture share characteristics? How intertwined are they exactly? And what about the links to white supremacy culture? I am a recover(ed/ing) hustle culture enthusiast and long-removed anti-fat culture supporter and have observed firsthand the harms of both and how eerily similar they actually are. TW: anti-fat, classist, ableist, and healthist attitudes shared in the show.

Episode show notes: http://www.fiercefatty.com/163

Support me on Ko-Fi and get the Size Diversity Resource Guide: https://ko-fi.com/fiercefatty/tiers

White supremacy culture: https://www.whitesupremacyculture.info/characteristics.html https://www.dismantlingracism.org/uploads/4/3/5/7/43579015/okun_-_white_sup_culture.pdf https://twitter.com/DrAmyPorto/status/1603401854725005314

Did you know that in some countries (like Ireland), people with a BMI that is deemed "too high" are unable to buy a property? Fat people are turned away from IVF clinics and their ability to parent an adoptive child can be deemed insufficient due solely to body size. We talk about these outrageous denials of basic opportunities and eugenics that fat people experience in this episode. TW: mention of BMI and weight plus anti-fat bias.

Episode show notes: http://www.fiercefatty.com/162

Support me on Ko-Fi and get the Size Diversity Resource Guide: https://ko-fi.com/fiercefatty/tiers

The Misguided Logic of Deporting Fat People: https://archive.is/1e2Hd#selection-427.0-432.0

Too fat to live here?: http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/8970683/Too-fat-to-live-here

Too fat for NZ: Mum can't lose weight fast enough for immigration officials: https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/300341891/too-fat-for-nz-mum-cant-lose-weight-fast-enough-for-immigration-officials

Bank refuses to release mortgage for woman deemed at higher Covid risk: https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/bank-refuses-to-release-mortgage-for-woman-deemed-at-higher-covid-risk-1.4517854

Flare: Fat Legal Advocacy, Rights, & Education : https://www.flareproject.org/

Intuitive Eating Counsellor: https://www.instagram.com/intuitive.eating.ireland/

Too fat to adopt - the married, teetotal couple rejected by council because of man's weight: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2009/jan/13/adoption-rejected-couple

BMI Criteria for Adoption: https://www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/directory-record/66750/bmi-criteria-for-adoption

Guidance on Overweight Adopters: https://www.proceduresonline.com/adoptnortheast/raa/files/overweight_adopters.pdf

We were turned down for adoption for being obese: https://metro.co.uk/2021/10/23/we-were-turned-down-for-adoption-for-being-overweight-2-15462005/

Obese Face Obstacles in Adoption Process: https://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=3429655&page=1

Should there be a weight cutoff for IVF? Firestorm of debate over denying fertility treatments to obese women: https://nationalpost.com/health/should-there-be-a-weight-cutoff-for-ivf-firestorm-of-debate-over-denying-fertility-treatments-to-obese-women#:~:text=In%20B.C.%2C%20private%20IVF%20clinics,with%20a%20BMI%20over%2038

When You're Told You're Too Fat to Get Pregnant: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/18/magazine/fertility-weight-obesity-ivf.html?fbclid=IwAR22Z_wKX0-LyGPhMhnWPaHWjXZn6vw3e-TejXQS3nLic-xsaI21NdwoGyI

Infertility: https://archive.is/8eGnm#selection-1355.0-1355.11

How is weight and height (BMI) used in life insurance?: https://protectyourwealth.ca/height-and-weight-impact-on-life-insurance-canada/#one

Yes, You Can Still Be Fired for Being Fat: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2022-03-15/weight-discrimination-remains-legal-in-most-of-the-u-s

At Victoria Hospital, Obese Job Candidates Need Not Apply: https://www.texastribune.org/2012/03/26/victoria-hospital-wont-hire-very-obese-workers/

Most Americans Are Too Fat to Donate their Bodies to Science: https://www.vice.com/en/article/vvjz3d/most-americans-are-too-fat-to-donate-their-bodies-to-science

Overweight and Obesity Statistics: https://archive.is/pRI5D#selection-1345.1-1345.34

If you went to school and were/are fat then there is a sizeable chance that you have a least some stories to tell about the harm your experienced, specifically about physical education (PE) classes. From government-mandated fitness tests to running around the track in shame many people have had heartbreakingly awful experiences that have turned them off formal exercise, sometimes for good, destroyed self-esteem and created eating disorders. TW: some pretty awful stories of abusive treatment of kids.

Discovering fat liberation and anti-diet was life-changing for me! There have been so many shifts in my ways of thinking and a huge change in how I now experience the world. What are these changes and how many of them are good, bad and just plain annoying? Do I wish I could go back to where I was blissfully unaware of anti-fat bias and how pervasive it is?

Episode show notes: http://www.fiercefatty.com/160

Support me on Ko-Fi and get the Size Diversity Resource Guide: https://ko-fi.com/fiercefatty/tiers

What is it like to be fat in the workplace? I asked you to share your stories and I will be sharing the stats. Is there a difference in how fat men vs fat women are perceived and treated? And how much distinction do we see between smaller fat people and larger fat people? We have some pretty jaw-dropping stories of weight bias in the workplace and so if that's not feeling good for you today skip the second half of the show.

Episode show notes: http://www.fiercefatty.com/159

Support me on Ko-Fi and get the Size Diversity Resource Guide: https://ko-fi.com/fiercefatty/tiers

Obesity Discrimination in the Recruitment Process: "You're Not Hired!": Stuart W. Flint,1,2,* Martin Čadek,3 Sonia C. Codreanu,4 Vanja Ivić,5 Colene Zomer,6 and Amalia Gomoiu7: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4853419/

The grim reality of being a female job seeker: https://fairygodboss.com/career-topics/job-seeker-appearance https://d207ibygpg2z1x.cloudfront.net/raw/upload/v1518462741/production/The_Grim_Reality_of_Being_A_Female_Job_Seeker.pdf

When it comes to pay do the thin win? 2010 American Psychological Association: http://www.timothy-judge.com/Judge%20and%20Cable%20%28JAP%202010%29.pdf

Height, body mass index, and socioeconomic status: mendelian randomisation study in UK Biobank: https://www.bmj.com/content/352/bmj.i582

Weight Bias in the Workplace: A Literature Review: https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/weight-bias-in-the-workplace-a-literature-review-2329-6879-1000206.php?aid=55088&fbclid=IwAR12Ib3IRwZ0iMy4NRzjLWzkkXjcTd_jkUg8452Y97KHd6kEKoSSPfjePUM

Weight Bias: A Policy Brief: https://media.ruddcenter.uconn.edu/PDFs/Weight%20Bias%20Policy%20Brief.pdf

There has been a shift in recent years to embrace fatness as a disease and in fact, the American Medical Association did do just that in 2013, against advice from many experts. Is the premise of larger body sizes as inherently "diseased" helpful? What about "ob*sity" doctors who advocate for the use of a person's first language? Is that shift going to end the stigma for fat people? Let's talk about it!

Episode show notes: http://www.fiercefatty.com/158

Support me on Ko-Fi and get the Size Diversity Resource Guide: https://ko-fi.com/fiercefatty/tiers

High blood pressure dangers: Hypertension's effects on your body: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/art-20045868#:~:text=Uncontrolled%20high%20blood%20pressure%20can,risk%20of%20life%2Dthreatening%20complications.

New JAMA Study Challenges CDC's 400,000 Obesity Deaths Figure: https://consumerfreedom.com/press-releases/99-new-jama-study-challenges-cdcs-400000-obesity-deaths-figure/

How Can You Ignore The Correlation Between Weight And Health?: https://danceswithfat.org/2021/09/14/how-can-you-ignore-the-correlation-between-weight-and-health/

A Disturbing New "Weight Loss Device" Seeks To Lock People's Jaws Shut: https://www.refinery29.com/en-ca/2021/07/10558914/otago-weight-loss-device-magnetic-backlash

For an overview of how the media gets it wrong and right check this out: https://www.instagram.com/p/Cn6H2WAS0E8/

Instagram Post: https://www.instagram.com/p/CoLstAvS1gl/ Instagram Post: https://www.instagram.com/p/CcoU5cqPv7e/ Instagram Reel: https://www.instagram.com/p/ClC7rUIj_vB/

If you want an overview of lots of studies go here: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1I0pKz2QZl6x2d2cX3dZ3wKD3iNecOWeppfaDw5fOTMo/edit?usp=sharing

What did you learn from the people who raised you about food and weight? How did their caregivers talk to them about diets and fatness? Today we have a super VIP special guest; my Mum! We talk about The Great Starvation (Irish Potato Famine), and British colonialism and look at research on trauma passed down the generations. Even if you don't come from a family that experienced something similar, day-to-day trauma around food and size can be incredibly impactful for many generations.

Episode show notes: http://www.fiercefatty.com/157

Support me on Ko-Fi and get the Size Diversity Resource Guide: https://ko-fi.com/fiercefatty/tiers.

Intergenerational Food Trauma

Exploring Irish Multigenerational Trauma and Its' Healing: Lessons from the Oglala Lakota (Sioux): https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276489566_Exploring_Irish_Multigenerational_Trauma_and_Its'_Healing_Lessons_from_the_Oglala_Lakota_Sioux

Summary of "It Didn't Start With You" by Mark Wolynn: https://backend.quickread.com/files/400/books/ebooks/mark_wolynn_it_didn%E2%80%99t_start_with_you_400.pdf?player=1

Intergenerational Trauma In Modern Ireland: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dht6aYNPWrA

Effects of Hunger: https://www.feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/impact-of-hunger

Did the Irish Famine trigger mental illness in the Irish?: https://www.irishcentral.com/news/irish-famine-mental-illness-connection#:~:text=Irish%20historian%20Oonagh%20Walsh%20believes,Ireland%20and%20those%20who%20emigrated

This is part 2 of the breaking down of the newest diet drug frenzy. In today's episode, we are talking about personal stories of those using the drug, Novo's lawsuits, and scandals including their marketing campaign which co-opts fat liberatory language in order to trick its consumers. Plus what other new drugs are about, what is happening with celebs and the supply shortage? We have a ton of stuff for you! TW: mentions of side effects

Episode show notes: http://www.fiercefatty.com/156

A So-Called Game-Changing Weight Loss Drug Is Here—So What Happens Next?: By Ed Cara for Gizmodo: https://gizmodo.com/a-so-called-game-changing-weight-loss-drug-is-here-so-w-1847309279 Wegovy Isn't A "Game Changer", But An Update by Mikey Mercedes: https://www.marquiselemercedes.com/writing/wegovy https://untrapped.com.au/weight-loss-drugs-part-2-saxenda-and-wegovy/#more-2729 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Semaglutide https://www.novomedlink.com/obesity/products/treatments/wegovy/efficacy-safety/clinical-trial-1-results.html https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2032183 https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-drug-treatment-chronic-weight-management-first-2014 https://people.com/health/remi-bader-says-she-gained-double-the-weight-back-after-stopping-weight-loss-drug-ozempic/?utm_source=facebook.com&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=social-share-article&fbclid=IwAR0biGrvtM0QhVywA_LsYTzJ8Z1Kb2L3OvjIyaVMBP2uxxYGkF_5uUaQQsk&mibextid=Zxz2cZ https://www.drugwatch.com/manufacturers/eli-lilly/ https://www.thecut.com/2022/11/ozempic-side-effects.html https://www.goodrx.com/conditions/weight-loss/wegovy-vs-saxenda https://untrapped.com.au/weight-loss-drugs-part-2 https://canjhealthtechnol.ca/index.php/cjht/article/view/SR0725/953 https://jezebel.com/people-are-buying-raw-chemicals-to-concoct-diy-ozempic-1850012753 https://www.instagram.com/fionawiller/ https://www.instagram.com/p/CnhbcomoM5Z/ What is Wegovy: https://www.goodrx.com/rybelsus/what-is https://www.goodrx.com/wegovy/what-is https://www.goodrx.com/glp-1-agonists https://www.goodrx.com/conditions/diabetes-type-2 https://www.goodrx.com/ozempic/what-is https://www.goodrx.com/rybelsus/what-is https://www.goodrx.com/saxenda/what-is https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/spl/data/dade58f4-0941-498f-87bc-0fa4725ed9a9/dade58f4-0941-498f-87bc-0fa4725ed9a9.xml https://www.goodrx.com/victoza/what-is Overview of the drugs: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Semaglutide Outcome of the trials: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1I3NMTf7VJoCE_r3Qa_q4gxR7esXGFk1231Qi9snuoFs/edit?usp=sharing Weight Stigma and Marketing: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4988332/ https://www.wbur.org/commonhealth/2013/06/21/obesity-ama-fat-acceptance https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/fat-is-not-the-problem-fat-stigma-is/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4654677/ This Diabetes Drug Is Being Prescribed Off-Label for Weight Loss. Now There's a Shortage, Glamour: https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?geo=US&q=ozempic,wegovy,semaglutide,mounjaro https://www.shape.com/lifestyle/mind-and-body/kim-kardashian-full-body-scan https://www.tga.gov.au/alert/joint-statement-prioritisation-semaglutide-ozempic-supply-people-type-2-diabetes-during-shortage https://mutualaiddiabetes.com/ https://www.novopricing.com/ozempic.html https://costplusdrugs.com/medications/categories/diabetes/ https://www.tga.gov.au/alert/joint-statement-prioritisation-semaglutide-ozempic-supply-people-type-2-diabetes-during-shortage https://www.ashp.org/drug-shortages/current-shortages/drug-shortage-detail.aspx?id=813 https://www.drugs.com/drug-shortages/semaglutide-injection-813 https://sports.yahoo.com/ozempic-touted-tiktok-weight-loss-185703390.html Personal stories: https://people.com/health/tiktok-star-remi-bader-treatment-for-binge-eating/ You Might Go Through Hell for Your Post-Ozempic Body, The Cut: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes/expert-answers/lada-diabetes/faq-20057880#:~:text=Latent%20autoimmune%20diabetes%20in%20adults%20(LADA)%20is%20a%20slow%2D,producing%20cells%20in%20the%20pancreas. https://hangrywoman.com/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jn880dmDmPU Did your doc tell you all the warnings including the box warning for thyroid cancer?: https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/informed-consent-what-must-physician-disclose-patient/2012-07 Novo's Lawsuits and scandals: https://www.drugwatch.com/news/2017/09/13/victoza-maker-paying-58-million-doj-settlement/ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-novo-nordisk-settlement/novo-nordisk-settles-u-s-probe-over-diabetes-drug-for-nearly-58-7-million-idUSKCN1BG315 https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/994741/download From Fierce Pharma: https://www.novonordisk.com/news-and-media/news-and-ir-materials/news-details.html?id=78734