Ice hockey is a dynamic sport with a rich history, characterized by unique equipment and traditions. In its early days, before the production of standardized rubber pucks, players on frozen ponds used improvised objects, including frozen cow manure known as "road apples". Today, professional National Hockey League (NHL) pucks are made of vulcanized rubber and are kept in freezer coolers between 14°F and 20°F (-10°C to -6°C) before games. Freezing the puck hardens the rubber and "deadens" its bounce, allowing it to glide smoothly across the ice and making it easier for players to control. The Stanley Cup, the championship trophy of the NHL, is also unique as it is the only professional sports trophy with a full-time "babysitter" or keeper from the Hockey Hall of Fame who travels with it nearly 300 days a year.

Safety and inclusivity have also shaped the evolution of the game. Goaltenders did not always wear masks; it was not until 1959 that Jacques Plante of the Montreal Canadiens introduced the fiberglass mask after a facial injury, eventually making face protection mandatory for the position. The sport has also seen historic milestones in gender representation, such as when Manon Rhéaume became the first woman to play in the NHL, signing with the Tampa Bay Lightning in 1992. In international competition, Canada has historically been a dominant force, once securing a record 33-0 victory over Switzerland during the 1924 Winter Olympics. For players looking to improve their performance, the physics of a powerful slapshot involves striking the ice slightly behind the puck, causing the flexible stick to bend and release stored energy for maximum velocity.

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