In this episode, Dr. Harvey and Dr. Malzberg walk through the full history of transcranial magnetic stimulation, from Dr. Tony Barker’s 1985 discovery in a UK engineering lab to the 2008 FDA clearance of the Neurostar system for treatment-resistant depression. They explain how a magnetic field bypasses the skull to induce electrical current in the brain, why early TMS likely underdosed patients, and how new coil designs, expanded indications, and accelerated protocols have transformed the field into one of psychiatry’s fastest-moving areas.

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