A smartphone lights up in your hand. Inside it, rare earth elements and critical minerals quietly power the technology we rely on every day, from defense systems to medical devices. As global supply chains tighten, prices fluctuate, processing concentrates in single regions, and both national security and daily life feel the strain. In this episode of IQT Explains, host Jon Chait, Managing Partner at IQT, talks with Russ Ross, VP of Technology at IQT, and Sahil Tapiwala, CEO of Atomionics, about how critical minerals like lithium, cobalt, nickel, and rare earths shape the economy, the clean-energy transition, and U.S. security. They follow the path from exploration and feedstock to refining and metallization, revealing where today’s biggest challenges and opportunities lie. The conversation highlights quantum sensing and AI-driven resource mapping, including Atomionics’ use of quantum gravimeters to locate underground mineral deposits faster and more precisely. Learn how strategic investment, recycling innovation, and resilient supply chains can reduce dependency on foreign processing and strengthen U.S. leadership. If you want a clear, accessible look at how technology, business, and science intersect to secure the materials behind modern innovation, this episode connects it all.