Italian Grammar

Ciao!

When using the simple prepositions "di, a, da, in, su" with a definite article afterwards - we make a "Combined Preposition". For a helpful table we have an overview of all the combinations here!

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Examples of combinations with di:

La bicicletta del ragazzo.

La bicicletta della ragazza.

I libri degli studenti.

With in:

Parlo nel negozio.

Compra il caffè nella caffetteria.

Legge nello studio.

Try:

there is a cat in the house.

there's a cup on the table. 

he writes to the friend.

he buys coffee to the friends.

Excellent!

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Ciao!

In this episode we'll look at the simple prepositions, and the different ways of using "di" = usually "of"!

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The Prepositions:

di = of

a = to, at, in

da = from, by

in = in

con = with

su = on, over, above

per = in order to, for

tra/fra = among, between

Ex:

Uno studente di italiano.

Un treno da Roma a Firenze.

Studia in biblioteca.

"di" can describe possession, origin, material, time and subject/topic:

La bicicletta è di Mario.

Sono di Firenze.

Un tavolo di legno.

Di mattina bevo caffè.

Un libro di letteratura.

Perfetto!

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Ciao!

In this episode we'll look at some exceptions to the spelling, and how some of the "-are" verbs use prepositions!

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Verbs on -care and -gare keep the "hard sound":

cerco

cerchi

cerca

cerchiamo

cercate

cercano

Verbs on -iare usually have just one "i" in "you" singular, and "we" plural:

mangio (I eat)

mangi

mangia

mangiamo

mangiate

mangiano

"Ascoltare, aspettare, guardare" have no preposition after them.

Aspetto l'autobus.

Ascoltano un bel podcast!

"Insegnare, cominciare, imparare" have an "a" afterwards when used before another verb.

Imparo a scrivere.

Cominciamo a viaggare il prossimo mese.

For "pensare" we use:

"pensare a" for thinking about something/someone

"pensare di" for thinking about doing something.

In Italian, when meaning "in order to" or "with the purpose of" something, use "per":

Viaggiano per imparare. 

Studia per avere un grande futuro.

Bravissimi!!

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Ciao!

In this episode we'll look at the first group of verbs and the present tense, with the "-ARE" verbs!

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Standard endings with PARLARE:

parlo

parli

parla

parliamo

parlate

parlano

Ex:

Abito a Boston

Dove abiti?

Abitiamo a Dallas, in Texas.

Present is also used for near future or largely certain future:

Lavoro tra dieci minuti.

Domani sera impariamo il greco.

L'estate prossima compro una chitarra.

Perfetto!

Great work 😊

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Ciao!

Here's a first Grammar Review covering the key elements to remember from episode 1-15!

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nouns

uno = before z, s+const, pn, gs

lo, gli = before z, s+const, pn, gs + vowels

ending on consonant or accented vowel - no plural ending on nouns

to be/to have

io sono - tu sei - lui/lei è --- noi siamo - voi siete - loro sono

io ho - tu hai - lui/lei ha --- noi abbiamo - voi avete - loro hanno

adj

usually after noun but, if on "the list", before.

But with modifier (molto, poco etc), put both after.

3 colors that don't change in plurals: blu, rosa, viola.

Great work!

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Ciao!

In this episode we'll look at the colors in Italian, and how to say light and dark for a color!

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I colori:

blu

viola

azzurro

verde

giallo

arancione

rosa

rosso

marrone

bianco

grigio

nero

Three of the colors are always the same: "blu","rosa", "viola".

Modify with chiaro (light) and scuro (dark).

Ex:

Blue skies - Cieli blu

Light blue skies - Cieli azzurri

Translate:

The tree is dark green now.

She has violet flowers

They have a red table and brown chairs.

He sees a blue river, and a yellow sun.

Perfetto!

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Ciao!

In the episode we'll look at some important expressions where you'd say "I have" instead of "I am" in Italian!

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Expressions:

avere caldo

avere fame

avere freddo

avere paura

avere ragione

avere sete

avere sonno

avere torto

avere fretta

Ex:

Ho fame - I'm hungry.

Hai sete? - Are you thirsty?

Translate:

After the long trip, Lucia is very sleepy.

Yes, you're right!

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You'd also say "have" for age:

"I have 25 years" - Ho 25 anni.

How old are you - ........

Lucia is 23 years? - ...........

Excellent work!

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Ciao!

In this episode we'll look at the adjective "bello", "beautiful", and how the endings follow the pattern of the specific article!

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"bello" comes before the noun (it's "on the list"), and follows the pattern of the specific article. (il,lo,la,l' - i,gli,le).

Ex:

il giorno - il bel giorno

lo zio - il bello zio

l'amico - il bell'amico

la donna - la bella donna

l'anima - la bell'anima

i libri - i bei libri

gli alberi - i begli alberi

le cattedrali - le belle cattedrali

Try:

the beautiful book

the beautiful sister

the beautiful studio

the beautiful tree

the beautiful appartments

the beautiful boys/guys

the beautiful girls

the beautiful sports

Sentences:

We have beautiful weather

We have beautiful days

They have a beautiful studio

You (plural) have beautiful apartments

Note!

If "bello" is after the noun, f.ex. with a modifier - it follows the standard ending: "bello", "bella", "belli", "belle".

Try:

the very beautiful book

the very beautiful studio

the very beautiful appartments

the very beautiful houses

Sum up:

"bello" - when in front, endings follow pattern of specific articles, both sing./plural.

When after; standard endings.

Excellent work!

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Ciao!

In this episode we'll look at the different forms of "buono", and why we say "buon giorno" and "buon viaggio", and not "buono"!

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"buono" is "on the list" - and comes before the noun.

The endings in singular follow the pattern of the unspecific article:

buono, buon, buona, boun' 

Ex:

un libro - un buon libro

un giorno - un buon giorno

uno sport - un buono sport

same in specific, single.

il caffè - il buon caffè

il bar - il buon bar

lo sport - il buono sport

Try:

the good travel

the good book

the good student

the good pizzas

the good beginnings

Sentences:

Today I would like a good pizza.

They have a good studio.

We have the good tickets.

Sum up;

Ending of "buono" follows the unspecific/undetermined article, in the singular form.

Great work! 😊

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The phrases:

another day

a beautiful house

the same book

a long river

the first day

a small coffee

a new friend

a young uncle

a big square

the last evening

a good holiday

The sentences:

I'm an Italian student. Today is a long Thursday. I'm in a big piazza. The friends have special ice creams. We have a nice day!

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Solutions:

un altro giorno

una bella casa

lo stesso libro

un lungo fiume

il primo giorno

un piccolo caffè

un nuovo amico

un giovane zio

una grande piazza

l'ultima sera

una buona vacanza

gli altri giorni

le belle case

gli stessi libri

i lunghi fiumi

i primi giorni

piccoli caffè

nuovi amici

giovani zii

grandi piazze

le ultime sere

buone vacanze

Solutions sentences:

Sono uno studente italiano. Oggi è un lungo giovedì. Sono in una grande piazza. Gli amici hanno gelati speciali. Abbiamo una bella giornata!

Great work!

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