Compound Sentences

S V1 and/or/but V2.

p.24

Their skin needs to stay cool and moist at all times.

p.25

Simple and Compound Sentences

I'm helping my friend Gram make a quilt. (Simple)

p.26

Common Nouns vs Proper Nouns 普通名詞 vs 專有名詞

p.27

Abstract Nouns vs Concrete Nouns 抽象名詞 vs 具象名詞

bravery/honesty/courage/freedom > 抽象名詞

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Finding predicates

Compound predicate:

Nina frosts the cupcakes and decorates them.

p.18

Run-on sentences:

I like summer I always go camping with my dad. (X)

>

I like summer. I always go camping with my dad. (O)

I like summer; I always go camping with my dad. (O)

I like summer and I always go camping with my dad. (O)

We gather some woods later we take a swim in the lake. (X)

>

We gather some woods. Later we take a swim in the lake. (O)

We gather some woods; later we take a swim in the lake. (O)

We gather some woods and later we take a swim in the lake. (O)

We sleep great in the tent we have a big breakfast in the morning. (X)

>

We sleep great in the tent. We have a big breakfast in the morning. (O)

We sleep great in the tent; we have a big breakfast in the morning. (O)

We sleep great in the tent and we have a big breakfast in the morning. (O)

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Sentence vs Sentence Fragment

complete subject vs incomplete subject

Correcting incomplete sentences

Finding subjects

Completing a whole complete sentence

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Statement vs Question vs Command vs Exclamation

Subject vs Predicate

Subject: one word / group of words / compound subject using "and"

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Sentence vs Sentence Fragment

Sentence: group of words with complete thought

Sentence fragment: group of words without complete thought

statement vs question

Statement: A sentence that TELLS something and ends with a period.

Question: A sentence that ASKS something and ends with a question mark.

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Toys That Move

puppet

clockwork toys

toys with electric motors

computer games

Why Have Toy Cars Changed?

Toy cars have changed over time because real cars have also changed.

The first real car was invented in 1885 by Karl Benz.

Chap.2. Three English Queens

These are Roman Numerals:

I = 1

II = 2

III = 3

IV = 4

V = 5

VI = 6

VII = 7

VIII = 8

IX = 9

X = 10

Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

She spoke many languages and could play musical instruments.

She didn't get married. She was "married to England".

She fought with Spanish Armada and won.

She and her royal court loved theatre and music.

They travelled often, staying in palaces all around England.

After she died in 1603, her throne was then succeeded by her cousin James, originally King of Scotland.

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Teddy Bear was from 1902.

Mickey Mouse was from 1928.

Dinky Toys from 1934.

Lego 1958.

Nintendo 1989.

Computer tablet was from 2010.

1.1 Favorite Toys and Games

Grandpa played chess, toy cars and kites.

*Oral History: stories told by older people of their younger days.

1.2 The First Teddy Bears

Teddy bears are named after Theodore Roosevelt.

He was president of the USA from 1901 to 1909.

His nickname was Teddy.

One day Roosevelt refused to shoot a small bear.

So the name of the saved bear was born.

1.3. What Were Dolls Made of?

paddle doll 木漿娃娃 (4000 years ago Egypt)

China doll 陶瓷娃娃 (150 years ago Germany)

Barbie doll 芭比娃娃(70 years ago America)

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Types of Transport

Airplanes are faster than train, tram, car, bus, ferry, and bicycles.

Bicycles, buses, trains, and airplanes are more environment-protecting.

Going on Holidays

Mr. Sharif's family is going on holidays.

They are going to Muskat, Oman.

Holiday Weathers

When you want to go to holiday by the seaside, you choose warm and sunny weather.

When you want to go skiing or snowboarding, you want the weather cool and snowy.

When you want to go sailing, you choose somewhere that is cool and windy.

Landscapes

deserts

forests

mountains

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There are fire station, garage, bakery, supermarket, hospital, bank, pharmacy/chemist, library, restaurant and bus station round our house.

Local Jobs

There are police officer, doctor, teacher, fire fighter, market trader, mechanic, sop assistant, farmer, printer, receptionist, engineer, builder and taxi driver, etc.

My Changing Area

Place changes over time.

My Street

If your area is quite old, the streets may be narrow.

This is because there were no cars, trucks or buses when those streets were built.

People had to walk everywhere or use horses or camels.

If you live in a newer area, the roads may be much wider.

There may be plenty of places to park cars.

There are pavements for people to walk on, safe from cars and trucks.

Street Furniture

Streetlight, traffic lights, road signs, litterbins, seats, bus stops, bus shelters, pipe manholes, cable manholes and drain covers are called street furniture.

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city > town > village

your own address

Home is the place where you are the most comfortable.

home of Switzerland

home of the Middle East

home of people living along river in Brazil

home of the Bedouins

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