Pioneers and Settlers

Better be settlers and not pioneers.

Timing is important.

Magnovax Odyssey is pioneer of the home video games.

Nintendo was originally only the distributor of the Magnovax Odyssey in Japan.

Nintendo took over Magnovax'es market.

In the 1990s, A banker Joseph Park originated in the idea of delivering movies online.

He failed his $250 million investors only because he failed to deliver his promise that his Kozmo would deliver movies to homes within one hour, which was impossible at that time.

At that time, Netflix was just starting.

If Kozmo had decided to send movies by mails first instead of via online, it might have survived.

Those who waited for the market to cool down tend to be more successful.

Hungarian doctor Ignaz Semmelweiz predicted that pre-doctors washed their hands before the surgery, the casualties of the mothers-to-be would be a lot lower.

Semmelweiz was laughed at.

20 years later, Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch proved Semmelweiz correct.

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Taking Time

Martin Luther King Jr.didn't even finish his speech note of the famous "I Have a Dream" speech.

King procrastinated his speech note-writing till it's almost too late.

The most remembered phrase--I have a dream--was not even on the note.

It's finally realized that there was a female rock singer, Mahalia Jackson, behind King's pedestal that day.

She shouted several times for King to speak about his dream the night before.

That's why after 11 minutes King pushed aside his speech note and started speaking outside the script written by Clarence Jones.

That's because King had so many materials in head that he could add on right on spot.

Korean researcher Jihae Shin finds testees who were stopped in their assignment and were asked to play games first often delivered with much better creativity.

Shin finds employees who delayed in submitting assignments usually deliver better works.

The second prominent procrastinator is Leonardo Da Vinci.

Da Vinci's Mona Lisa cost 16 years.

Da Vinci's Last Supper needed 15 years.

Lincoln's Gettysburg speech is the only speech as famous as King's.

Within 272 words Lincoln made it clear that the Civil War was about Freedom and Equality.

Lincoln had a fortnight to prepare for the speech.

Lincoln didn't start writing until the night before.

Because Lincoln wanted to be sure the tone of his speech was absolutely correct.

Zeigarnick Effect

People remember unfinished things better than finished things.

"移山倒海“

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Sarick Effect

The Unfamiliarity problem

*Speak your idea often, and repeat.

We like photos of our friends when they weren't inverted. (Because that's how we see them.)

We like photos of our self inverted. (Because we're used to seeing ourselves in the mirror.)

Making People Uncomfortable

Medina finally got her idea across because she met Mike.

Mike is a man who doesn't mind making people uncomfortable.

So he was ready to give Medina time to develop her uncomfortable ideas.

The Difficulties of Speaking Up

Women who talk more are judged negatively by both men and women.

Black women leaders fail, they are judged harder than black men, or than white men and women.

The Road not Taken

1985 Donna Dubinsky was Apple's distribution sales manager.

Dubinsky confronted Jobs.

Jobs promised her 30 days to come up with a new distribution system other than Job's.

In 1991, Dubinsky left Apple.

She joined Palm Computing with Jeff Hawkins, and produced PalmPilot.

Palm was bought by 3Com.

She and Hawkins left to start a new company, Handspring.

A few years later, Apple developed the iPhone.

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Power is being able to control what other people do.

Status is being admired by other people.

People without status make suggestions, we don't think they should tell us what to do.

*Wait till you have status enough in the position then you can begin to "suggest".

Sarick Effect

Rufus Griscom and Alisa Volkman started an online magazine Babble.

In 2009, Griscom told investors top 5 reasons NOT to invest in his business.

Babble got $3.3 million from investors.

Griscom went to Disney to see if they were interested in buying Babble.

Griscom's truths:

Disney bought Babble for $40 million.

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Carmen Medina worked in CIA Europe.

Medina found printed paper documents were too slow in exchanging information inside bureaus.

Ten years later, Medina helped create Intellipedia, a Wikipedia for intelligence organizations.

2001 September 11 Attack helped Medina succeed in revolutionizing the information exchange at the CIA.

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Steve Jobs was wrong about Segway in that he was too confident about himself and he didn't ask for any feedback from all walks of people.

Jobs didn't have experience in gyroscope (陀螺儀).

Randy Komisar knew Segway could not replace cars.

It replaces only walking, or cycling.

Camen meant to replace cars in new cities of Beijing and Mumbai.

Thoughts on Selecting Ideas

Neil Blumenthal once worked in Asia, Africa and Latin American helping women start their own enterprises.

One of the enterprises he helped build was eye-glasses.

Warby Parker put all their research papers in the online documents.

Anybody had access to the document.

Good inventors are more likely to make a difference on human lives.

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Judging Creativity

Dean Kamen invented Segway.

He also designed iBOT which is a wheelchair that can climb stairs.

Kamen thought Segway was to replace cars, like cars replaced horses.

Kamen did wrong in that he didn't think of feedbacks from prospective customers.

Beethoven judged his own music wrong.

Kissing Frogs

Dean Simonton found that the originals didn't have the brightest ideas but that they had MORE creative thoughts than average people.

William Shakespeare's Macbeth, King Lear and Othello are the three most performed plays.

They were written during the 5 years Shakespeare wrote Timon of Athens and All's Well That Ends Well.

Pablo Picasso's famous paintings are but only of a small portion of all of his paintings.

Albert Einstein's papers are deemed unimportant most of all.

The author of "Still I Rise" and "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" has many other poems and novels but most of which are mostly obsolete.

Lizz Winstead showed her short jokes on Twitter.

She showed longer jokes on FaceBook.

Kamen didn't let anybody see Segway before it was launched.

The Danger of False Negative

Seinfeld was rejected because it didn't have endings like other preceding television shows.

Seinfeld was rejected because it is set in New York. Mangers thought it would tire viewers in other cities.

Star Wars, E.T., pulp fiction, Diary of Anne Frank, Gone with the Wind, Harry Porter were all rejected by entertainment studios.

Xbox was once stopped by microsoft.

Laser Printer was stopped by Xerox.

Harry Porter was turned down because managers thought a book of the length will never be a children's book.

Test audience is different from ordinary audience.

Ordinary audience watch the show at home, and adapts himself gradually to the show.

Test audience psychologically know they are screening for other people.

They took stricter standard scrutinizing the show.

Wide Experience and Deep Experience

Rick Ludwin was the one who voted for Seinfeld.

Rick was at other department other than comedy.

Rick wrote jokes for Bob Hope in the 1970s.

Rick understood how comedy works.

Rick had the desire to research what made people laugh.

Rick combined his wide experience in comedy and his deep experience in it so that his scrutiny of Seinfeld was proven to be correct.

Nobel-prize winners differed from those nominees who didn't get the award in that, most of them had hobbies such as performing/dancing, writing poems/novels, playing musical instruments, sculpting/wood carving/metal carving/mechanics/electronics, drawing and painting.

Frederick Godart researched fashion designers and found:

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2000 Segway was invented.

Steve Jobs said it was the most exciting technology since computer.

Jeff Bezos said the inventor has a product so revolutionary he'll have no problem selling it.

Inventor of Segway was described as modern Thomas Edison.

Segway fell short of people's expectation toward it.

Around 1984, Seinfeld was written by two writers.

The first 100 people who viewed it didn't like it.

They found 600 people in four different cities didn't like it either.

From 1984 to 1994, Seinfeld was one of the most popular on television, and it made more than $1 billion.

TV Guide named it the greatest television program of all time.

The problem is NOT lack of creativity.

The problem is selecting the right ideas.

Segway was a false positive: people thought it would be a success, but it wasn't.

Seinfeld was a false negative: people expected it to fail, but it succeeded.

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The word "entrepreneur" was coined by Richard Cantillon, meaning "someone who takes risks."

One of the four poor students who founded Warby Parker, Neil Blumenthal, said they wouldn't drop out of school.

"We're not sure it's a good idea, and we don't know if we will succeed. We're working on it in our spare time."

Joseph Raffiee and Jie Feng found entrepreneurs who keep their original jobs are 33% less likely to fail than the risk-takers who leave their jobs.

Successful people were balancing their risk: Steve Wozniak(Apple), Larry Page, Sergey Brin(Google), Brian May(rock band Queen), Stephen King(novelist)

From idea to action

Most popular TV show nearly didn't get made.

An entrepreneur told investors not to invest in his company.

2.Delaying may help.

Work with your enemies.

3.How to develop originality in children.

"What makes them different is that they try, even though they have fears and doubts. They know failure is a smaller disappointment than failing to try."

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The problem with defaults

Michael Housman found buying a PC, Internet Explorer is built into Windows.

If one buys a Mac, it comes with Safari.

But if you choose to use Firefox or Chrome, you are not accepting default.

"Accepting the default is easy, but it doesn't ask us to look at new ways of doing things."

(接受任何“預設”都很簡單; 但是預設並不會導致我們以新的眼光來看待事物.)

Dave Gilboa, one of the four, bought an Apple iPhone.

He found iPhone was even cheaper than a simple pair of glasses.

Accepting defaults

Least favorite students are more creative than most favorite.

We expect intelligent children to achieve.

They start to fear failure, which holds back their creativity.

George Washington, Martin Luther King Jr., Michelangelo, Steve Wozniak hesitated when asked to be the one to do the job.

Originality can get you into trouble, and most of us prefer to conform.

What are the habits of people who are original, and who take action to develop their original ideas?

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