By Jon Haws RN: Critical Care Nurse & NCLEX Educator
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The podcast currently has 146 episodes available.
Normal
Normal 135-145 mEq/L
Indications
Description Sodium (Na+) is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid. Sodium aids in osmotic pressure, renal retention and excretion of water, acid-base balance, regulation of other cations and anions in the body. Sodium plays a role in blood pressure regulation and stimulation of neuromuscular reactions. Sodium and water have a direct relationship; water follows salt.
What would cause increased levels?
What would cause decreased levels?
Normal 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
Indications
Description
Potassium (K+) is the most abundant intracellular cation and plays a vital role in the transmission of electrical impulses in cardiac and skeletal muscle. It plays a role in acid base equilibrium. In states of acidosis hydrogen will enter the cell which will force potassium out of the cell. A 0.1 decrease in pH will cause a 0.5 increase in K+.
What would cause increased levels?
What would cause decreased levels?
Normal 25 - 35 seconds
Indications
Description
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)evaluates the function of factors I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII. PTT represents the amount of time required for a fibrin clot to form. Monitors therapeutic ranges for people taking Heparin.
What would cause increased levels?
What would cause decreased levels?
Normal 95 - 100%
Indications
Description Oxygen saturation (SaO2) is a measurement of the percentage of how much hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen. Oxygen is transported in the blood in two ways: oxygen dissolved in blood plasma (pO2) and oxygen bound to hemoglobin (SaO2). About 97% of oxygen is bound to hemoglobin while 3% is dissolved in plasma. SaO2 and pO2 have direct relationships, if one is decreased so is the other. The relationship between oxygen saturation (SaO2) and partial pressure O2 (PaO2) is referred to as the oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) dissociation curve. SaO2 of about 90% is associated with PaO2 of about 60 mmHg.
What would cause increased levels?
What would cause decreased levels?
Normal 261 – 280 mOsm/kg
Indications
Description Osmolality is a measure of the particles in solution. The size, shape, and charge of the particles do not impact the osmolality
What would cause increased levels?
What would cause decreased levels?
Normal 1.6 – 2.6 mg/dL
Indications
Description Magnesium (Mg) is a cation necessary for protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, muscle contraction, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) use, nerve impulse conduction, and blood clotting. Magnesium affects the absorption of sodium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium.
What would cause increased levels?
What would cause decreased levels?
Normal
Normal 0.3 -2.6 mmol/L
Indications
Description Lactate (Lactic Acid) is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism. Normally, the tissues use aerobic metabolism to breakdown glucose for energy and the byproduct is CO2 and H2O which we excrete through our kidneys and exhalation. However, if the tissues are starved of oxygen (hypoxic), they use anaerobic metabolism. This can be compounded if the liver is also hypoxic causing the liver to be unable to clear the lactic acid.
What would cause increased levels?
What would cause decreased levels?
Normal 0.8 - 1.2 Therapeutic Levels of Warfarin 2.0 – 3.5
Indications
Description International normalized ratio(INR) takes results from a prothrombin time test and standardizes it regardless of collection method.
What would cause increased levels?
What would cause decreased levels?
The podcast currently has 146 episodes available.
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