In his lecture, Randolph Nesse from Arizona State University discusses the relation of Evolutionary Biology and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and particularly, how it can be used to improve global health. Thus, he does not raise the question why individuals get sick at all but rather, why the whole humankind is vulnerable. What is the role of evolutionary biology within the biology-environment-lifestyle-complex for our health – especially regarding disease prevention and health preservation? To what extend must evolutionary biology be taken into consideration? And eventually, in how far could illnesses be prevented and health in general improved?