MedMaster by NURSING.com

Benztropine

Cogentin

Treatment for Parkinson's disease

Exhibits anticholinergic properties (blocks acetylcholine) in the CNS to reduce rigidity and tremors

Antiparkinson agent

Anticholinergic

• May lead to arrhythmias, hypotension, palpitations, and tachycardia • Anticholinergic effects like constipation, dry mouth • Assess for extrapyramidal symptoms • Instruct patient to take as directed • Instruct patient to maintain good oral hygiene

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Zithromax

URI, chronic bronchitis, lower respiratory infections, otitis media, skin infections, various STIs, prevention of bacterial endocarditis, treatment of cystic fibrosis

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

Agents for atypical mycobacterium, anti-infectives

Macrolide

• May lead to pseudomembranous colitis, pain, diarrhea, nausea, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, angioedema • May increase risks for warfarin toxicity • Monitor patient for signs of anaphylaxis • Instruct patient to notify physician for diarrhea, or blood or pus in stool • Instruct patient to take medication exactly as prescribed

Lomotil

Treatment for diarrhea

Inhibits GI motility via anticholinergic effects

Antidiarrheal

Anticholinergic

• Contraindicated with angle-closure glaucoma, dehydration • Structurally related to opioids so use caution with patients that have allergies to opioids • May cause constipation, tachycardia, dizziness, ileus • Monitor liver function as the medication is excreted by the liver • Ensure that client is taking medication as prescribed and not double dosing

Atropine

Atropen

Decreases oral and respiratory secretions, treats sinus bradycardia and heart block, treatment of bronchospasm

Atropine is an anticholinergic which means that it inhibits the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system, specifically acetylcholine. This inhibition causes increase in HR, bronchodilation, decreased GI and respiratory secretions.

Antiarrhythmic

Anticholinergic, antimuscarinic

• Avoid in acute hemorrhage, tachycardia, and angle closure glaucoma • Monitor patient for tachycardia and palpitations • May cause urinary retention in elderly patients • Patients may experience constipation due to slowed GI motility

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Atenolol

Tenormin

Hypertension, angina, prevention of MI

Blocks the stimulation of beta1 receptors in the SNS with minimal effect on beta2 receptors

Antianginal, antihypertensive

Beta blocker

• Contraindicated in CHF, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, bradycardia, heart block • Monitor hemodynamic parameters (HR, BP) • May cause bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema • Masks symptoms associated with diabetes mellitus • Advise to change positions slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension • Instruct patient on how to take blood pressure

Acetylsalicylic Acid

Aspirin

Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ischemic stroke, and MI prophylaxis

Inhibits the production of prostaglandins which leads to a reduction of fever and inflammation, decreases platelet aggregation leading to a decrease in ischemic diseases

Antipyretics, non-opioid analgesics

Salicylates

• Use caution in bleeding disorders, chronic alcohol use • May lead to Stevens-Johnson syndrome, laryngeal edema, and anaphylaxis • Increases risk for bleeding with warfarin, heparin, and clopidogrel • Increased risk for GI bleeding with NSAID use • Monitor liver function tests • Concurrent use with alcohol may increase risk for GI bleeding • Aspirin with viral infections can cause Reye's syndrome

Ampicillin

Principen

Skin infections, soft tissue infections, otitis media, sinusitis, respiratory infections, GU infections, meningitis, septicemia

Bactericidal, broader spectrum than penicillin, binds to cell wall leading to bacterial cell death

Anti-infective

Aminopenicillin

• Contraindicated in penicillin allergy, use caution in renal insufficiency • May lead to seizures, diarrhea, anaphylaxis, superinfection • Assess for infection • Monitor liver function tests • Instruct patient on signs of superinfection: furry overgrowth on tongue, vaginal itching, loose and foul smelling stool • Pt should not use with oral contraceptive use.