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Is body fat gain simply “calories in, calories out”—or is insulin the real puppet master? In this Mini Micropedia episode, Mikki unpacks the loudest argument in nutrition science and explains why both camps are touching real physiology… but neither tells the full story alone. You’ll hear what the carbohydrate–insulin model (CIM) actually claims, how insulin resistance works at the cellular level (IRS/PI3K/AKT, lipid intermediates, inflammation), and why insulin affects appetite, satiety, and nutrient partitioning. Mikki also uses classic refeeding data (including the Minnesota Starvation Experiment and modern refeeding trials) to show that rising insulin doesn’t automatically mean instant fat gain—energy balance still sets the boundary conditions. The practical takeaway: target a calorie deficit, but design it to improve insulin sensitivity and keep hunger manageable.

Highlights / topics covered

• What the carbohydrate–insulin model gets right (and where it overreaches)
• Insulin resistance mechanisms: ectopic fat, DAG/PKC signalling, inflammation
• Appetite regulation: central insulin resistance, leptin signalling, food reward
• Refeeding lessons: glycogen/lean tissue restoration vs “insulin = fat gain”
• The integrated model: calories as the constraint, insulin as the difficulty dial

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This week on the podcast, Mikki speaks to osteopath and running enthusiast Matt Stewart for a wide-ranging, evidence-informed conversation that begins with tendinopathy—its underlying pathophysiology, why it develops, and what effective treatment actually looks like beyond generic rehabilitation.

From there, the discussion broadens to explore how stress and inactivity influence tissue health, load tolerance, and recovery, affecting not only clinical populations but athletes who may otherwise be training consistently and “doing everything right.” They also unpack the role of the brain in pain perception, including how pain can be up-regulated or dampened, and why this understanding is critical for both injury management and performance.

Throughout the conversation, Matt shares how his interest in ancestral and evolutionary foundations has shaped his clinical approach, offering a framework that bridges modern sports medicine, osteopathy, and real-world movement.

This episode will appeal to clinicians, coaches, athletes, and anyone interested in how the body adapts to load and stress over time.

Links mentioned in website:

Mark Sisson - Archetypal Rest Postures video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bYxDcyoTpA

Darryl Edwards,

https://www.primalplay.com

Matt's links 

clinic website https://unityosteopathy.co.nz

Clinic Instagram  @unity_osteo

Running related @running_osteo

Matt Stewart is a highly experienced osteopath with more than 25 years in clinical practice. He holds a Master of Osteopathy from Unitec Institute of Technology and brings a broad, evidence-informed approach to helping clients improve function, manage pain, and move well.

Matt’s work is grounded in the osteopathic principle that the body has an innate capacity to regulate and heal itself when structure and function are supported. His clinical approach integrates cranial osteopathy, myofascial techniques, joint mobilisation and manipulation, tailored to the individual needs and preferences of each client.

He has completed extensive postgraduate training in cranial, fascial, respiratory, and foot and ankle techniques, including advanced study at the Osteopathic Centre for Children in San Diego under Dr Viola Frymann, further training with Dr Robert Fulford in Oregon, and specialist foot and ankle training in California and Australia.

In addition to his clinical work, Matt is an accredited Athletics NZ coach and has a strong interest in working with runners and athletes to support performance, recovery, and injury management. He has competed in events ranging from road races to marathons and ultra-marathons, including three Comrades Ultramarathons in South Africa.

Matt practises in Auckland and lives in St Heliers with his wife Emma and their two children.

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This week on Mini Mikkipedia, Mikki unpacks one of the most counter-intuitive truths in fat loss: eating better often means eating more food, not less. Many people equate weight loss with shrinking portions and constant restriction, yet this approach usually backfires. In this episode, Mikki explains the critical difference between food volume and energy density, and why swapping ultra-processed, calorie-dense foods for whole, nutrient-dense meals leads to greater satiety, quieter hunger, and more consistent fat loss.

She explores how protein, fibre, and meal structure work together to reduce grazing, decision fatigue, and “food noise,” while supporting long-term weight maintenance. If fat loss has felt like white-knuckling through hunger, this episode reframes success as eating adequately, calmly, and sustainably—without relying on willpower or deprivation.

Key Topics Covered

• Volume vs energy density and why plate size can increase while calories drop
• The role of protein and fibre in satiety and appetite regulation
• How under-eating drives grazing, snacking, and food noise
• Why structured meals beat constant restraint for long-term fat loss

Contact Mikki:
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Save 20% on all Nuzest Products WORLDWIDE with the code MIKKI at www.nuzest.co.nz, www.nuzest.com.au or www.nuzest.com
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This week on the podcast Mikki speaks to Kelsey Johnston, fitness coach, nutrition mentor and totally relatable influencer, about health, nutrition, fitness, strength training, all of the things. They have a wide-ranging conversation on coaching strong, not skinny, and the mindset challenges that they come up against with clients (and themselves) and how to overcome these. This is insightful for anyone who themselves is interested in how to integrate fat loss and building muscle in real life.

Kelsey Johnston, known online as Kelsey J Fit, is a certified fitness coach, nutrition mentor, and strength training advocate dedicated to helping people build sustainable habits around strength, food, and lifestyle. She is a Certified Personal Trainer through NASM and has been coaching clients professionally since 2022, bringing over three years of experience in personalised programming and macro-based nutrition support. 

Kelsey’s own journey into fitness began after pregnancy, when she gained 80 pounds and faced mobility challenges, persistent pain, and frustration with traditional cardio and restrictive dieting. Her transformation began with strength training and learning to fuel her body properly—shifting away from a cycle of dieting and scale obsession to a balanced approach that prioritises performance, wellbeing, and consistency. 

Through her coaching, Kelsey emphasises chasing strength, eating with intention, and embracing an 80/20 lifestyle that clients can sustain long-term. She is passionate about helping people feel strong, pain free, and confident in what their bodies can do, rather than simply how they look.

Kelsey maintains an active presence on Instagram, where she builds community and offers practical insights into training, nutrition, and everyday strength

Kelsey: https://www.kelseyjfit.com/about

IG: https://www.instagram.com/kelseyjfit

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We love supplements for their promise of better sleep, recovery, gut health, and performance—but what happens when they don’t work the way they’re supposed to? In this Mini Mikkipedia episode, Mikki unpacks why evidence-based supplements like magnesium, melatonin, probiotics, and creatine can have very different effects from person to person.

You’ll learn why magnesium threonate and glycinate can feel stimulating instead of calming, why melatonin’s dose-response is often counterintuitive, how probiotics can miss the mark without strain specificity, and why creatine may worsen bloating, sleep, or luteal-phase symptoms for some women—especially in perimenopause.

The key message: “evidence-based” does not mean universally effective. Individual physiology, hormones, stress, fuel availability, and life stage matter. This episode is about applying nutrition science in the real world—where context and self-monitoring trump supplement dogma.

Key Topics & Highlights

• Why magnesium can improve sleep—or disrupt it
• Melatonin: when lower doses work better than higher ones
• The problem with generic, shotgun probiotics
• Creatine, fluid retention, and sleep in perimenopause
• How to troubleshoot supplements instead of blindly persisting

Contact Mikki:
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This week on the podcast, Mikki speaks to Curtis Gillespie Sayers for a wide-ranging and grounded conversation on chronic illness, mitochondrial health, and what real healing actually requires.

Curtis shares his own health journey — from being in and out of hospital from a young age with severe sleep apnoea, cardiometabolic risk, and long-standing physiological stress, to entering the health space through bodybuilding before realising that looking fit and being well are not the same thing.

Together, they explore why many people remain stuck despite doing “all the right things,” and how healing often fails not because of a lack of effort, but because the body is still operating in a defensive state. They discuss the physiology that keeps the body stuck in survival rather than being able to heal. They also dive into peptides, what is and isn’t appropriate and Curtis’ recommendations for out of the box treatments. 

Curtis Gillespie Sayers is a health practitioner and systems thinker specialising in mitochondrial health, nervous system regulation, and recovery from chronic illness.

After spending much of his early life in and out of hospital with significant respiratory and cardiometabolic complications — including severe sleep apnoea, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and pre-diabetic markers — Curtis entered the health space initially through bodybuilding. While improving his physique helped some symptoms, it also revealed a deeper truth: external fitness does not guarantee internal health.

Driven by a desire to understand what was happening beneath the surface, Curtis shifted his focus toward the interaction between mitochondria, the nervous system, immune signalling, and environmental inputs such as light, sleep, and stress. His work now centres on helping people who feel “stuck” — those who have tried diets, supplements, and protocols without lasting improvement — by addressing the biological signals that determine whether the body can actually heal.

Curtis takes a pragmatic, data-informed approach, viewing tools like nutrition, supplements, and peptide therapy as supportive levers rather than shortcuts, and emphasising the importance of safety, adequacy, and rhythm in long-term recovery.

Curtis https://lifestylempowerment.ca/

Curtis https://www.instagram.com/funct.med.curtis/

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Can zinc genuinely improve sleep—or is it just another supplement riding good marketing? In this Mini Mikkipedia episode, Mikki unpacks what the research actually shows about zinc and sleep, with a specific lens on midlife women and endurance athletes. She walks through the proposed mechanisms—GABA-A receptor modulation, neurotransmitter balance, melatonin synthesis, and circadian rhythm regulation—before cutting to the critical point: zinc only appears to improve sleep when it corrects a deficiency. Drawing on a 2024 systematic review of randomised trials, Mikki explains why benefits show up in populations like older adults, shift workers, and clinical patients, but not in well-nourished athletes using ZMA. The episode also covers zinc deficiency risk factors, menopause-specific considerations, copper–zinc balance, testing strategies, and practical dosing guidance—so listeners can make evidence-based decisions rather than chasing “super sleep” promises.

Key Topics Covered

• How zinc influences sleep physiology (GABA, melatonin, circadian genes)
• What human trials actually show about zinc supplementation and sleep
• Why ZMA fails in well-nourished athletes
• Zinc deficiency risk in athletes and midlife women
• Copper–zinc ratio, testing, and safe supplementation guidelines

Contact Mikki:
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https://www.mikkiwilliden.com/mondays-matter-accelerated-p

Save 20% on all Nuzest Products WORLDWIDE with the code MIKKIPEDIA at www.nuzest.co.nz, www.nuzest.com.au or www.nuzest.com
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This week on the podcast, Mikki speaks to women’s health expert and naturopath Dr Lara Briden for a thoughtful, wide-ranging conversation about women’s health, medical narratives, and the modern pressure to “optimise.”

Together, they explore how well-intentioned health messaging can sometimes tip from supportive into overwhelming—particularly for midlife women navigating hormonal change in a culture saturated with advice, diagnostics, and self-monitoring. They discuss the difference between body awareness and body trust and how historical and cultural medical narratives shape the way women interpret symptoms.

The conversation also challenges the idea that health must always be pursued at the level of optimisation, introducing the concept of being “healthy enough”—not as a lowering of standards, but as a way of letting health support life rather than dominate it.

This episode will resonate with anyone who has felt exhausted by the constant focus on hormones, symptoms, and self-improvement, and is looking for a more grounded, humane way to think about women’s health.

Lara Briden is a naturopathic doctor and bestselling author of the books Period Repair Manual and Hormone Repair Manual — practical guides to treating period problems with nutrition, supplements, and bioidentical hormones. With a strong science background, Lara sits on several advisory boards and is the lead author of a 2020 paper published in a peer-reviewed medical journal. She has more than 20 years’ experience in women’s health and currently has consulting rooms in Christchurch, New Zealand, where she treats women with PCOS, PMS, endometriosis, perimenopause, and many other hormone- and period-related health problems.

Reach Lara at www.larabriden.com, IG: https://www.instagram.com/larabriden/

Lara's books  https://larabriden.com/lara-briden-books/

Lara’s previous appearance on Mikkipedia https://podcast.mikkiwilliden.com/33  and https://podcast.mikkiwilliden.com/248 and https://podcast.mikkiwilliden.com/264 

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In this first Mini-Mikkipedia of 2026, Mikki breaks down why fat gain—especially around the midsection—can occur even when you’re “doing everything right” on paper. Tracking calories, training consistently, and eating well may still fall short if chronic stress is driving the hormonal environment. This episode unpacks the physiology behind stress-induced fat storage, with a particular focus on cortisol, visceral adiposity, and disrupted fuel partitioning. Mikki explains why stressed bodies are more likely to lose muscle, store abdominal fat, and struggle with fat oxidation—despite being in a calorie deficit. She also explores how under-eating, poor sleep, and excessive training compound the problem, creating a metabolic perfect storm. The key takeaway: stress management isn’t optional. It’s a foundational pillar of metabolic health, fat loss, and long-term body composition success.

Key Topics Covered

• How chronic cortisol drives visceral fat storage
• Fuel partitioning: why stressed bodies burn muscle, not fat
• Why eating less and training more can backfire under stress
• The role of sleep, recovery, and energy availability in fat loss
• Practical stress-management strategies that actually move the needle

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This week on the podcast, Mikki speaks to Kyal Van Der Leest, founder of LVLUP Health, for a wide-ranging and clinically grounded conversation on peptides, gut health, GLP-1s, and modern metabolic dysfunction. Kyal unpacks his core philosophy that many of today’s health challenges are predictable outcomes of the environments and lifestyles we now inhabit—and why targeted supplementation and protocols may be necessary to offset those exposures.

They explore peptides as a bridge between naturopathic and conventional medicine, including when they are appropriate, how delivery routes change outcomes, and how to differentiate common compounds like BPC-157, GHK, KPV, and lorazotide. They discuss  GLP-1 agonists—their risks, misconceptions, gut-motility paradoxes, and why “fixing the gut first” is non-negotiable, and much more.

Kyal Van Der Leest is a qualified Nutritionist, Naturopath, and functional health strategist with a deep-rooted passion for human optimisation and evidence-based supplementation. He is the founder and formulator behind LVLUP Health, a science-driven wellness brand dedicated to developing advanced practitioner-grade supplements that support the body’s innate healing systems. Kyal’s journey into health innovation began in clinical and retail environments—including hyperbaric oxygen therapy and high-volume supplement settings—where he saw firsthand the limitations of conventional products and protocols. This sparked his mission to create targeted formulations that combine clinically relevant compounds, peptides, and high-quality actives to simplify and enhance health outcomes. Today his products are stocked globally and recognised for their efficacy within both practitioner and biohacking communities. Beyond formulation, Kyal is known for his commitment to practical, mechanism-based approaches to gut health, inflammation, recovery, and longevity.

https://wholesale.lvluphealth.com/

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