Concepts in this episode

Ryan and Toxo introduce their roles while explaining the current state of toxicology and what exactly a poison is.

testing our tests

• Sensitivity: Rate of Positive test in those who have the disease
• Specificity: Rate of negative test in those without the disease
• Positive predictive value: True positive/ True Positive + False Positive
• Negative predictive value: True negative/True negative + False negative

Pharmacokinetics and dynamics

• (PK) Bioavailablity = Amount of drug available to be used by the body
• Oral Bioavailablity= Dose- Fraction excreted unchanged- Fraction metabolized in gut- Fraction metabolized by liver 
• How drugs interact with the body (PD)
• Agonist- stimulates receptor
• Partial agonist- Activation of receptor with ceiling effect, never achieves maximal activation
• Antagonist- Prevents receptor activation
• Inverse agonist- induces an opposite effect as an agonist after binding receptor
• Addiction vs dependance
• Addiction- Relationship between user and substance
• A few definitions but frequently involving consequences in life from use and loss of control over use of substance
• Dependence- Physiologic changes in body due to chronic use
• Down regulation of stimulated receptors
• Physiologic basis for tolerance and withdrawal

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