Welcome to PsychEd, the psychiatry podcast for medical learners, by medical learners. This episode covers anti-black racism and mental health with Dr. Kwame McKenzie. Dr. McKenzie is an international expert on the social causes of illness, suicide and the development of effective, equitable health systems. He is a Professor of Psychiatry at University of Toronto and a staff psychiatrist and Director of Health Equity at the Centre of Addiction and Mental Health.

 

The learning objectives:

 

By the end of this episode, you should be able to…

1. Understand the history and legacy of racism and mental health in the black community
2. Understand the current state of racism towards black people and the impacts on their mental health.
3. Explore how healthcare workers can be anti-racist in providing mental health care and how the system can change to improve the mental health of black people.

 

Host(s): Anita Corsini (social worker), Dr. Alex Raben (staff psychiatrist), and Rebecca Marsh (CC4)

 

Produced by: Anita Corsini, Rebecca Marsh, Randi Wang (CC4), and Dr. Alex Raben

 

Guest experts: Dr. Kwame McKenzie, staff psychiatrist

 

Resources:

 

Manual for Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for English-Speaking People of Caribbean Origin

The City of Toronto has curated a list of Mental Health Resources for Black Communities. Organizations include:

• Across Boundaries
• Black Creek Community Health Centre
• Caribbean African Canadian Social Services
• Rexdale Community Health Centre
• TAIBU Community Health Centre
• The Black Health Alliance
• Women’s Health in Women’s Hands Community Health Centre

 

References:

 

• Adelman, J. (2003). Study in Blue and Grey, Police Interventions with People with Mental Illness: A Review of Challenges and Responses [Ebook]. Canadian Mental Health Association. Retrieved 7 October 2020, from https://cmha.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/policereport.pdf.
• Bailey, R. K., Mokonogho, J., & Kumar, A. (2019). Racial and ethnic differences in depression: current perspectives. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 15, 603–609. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S128584
• Bor, J., Venkataramani, A., Williams, D., & Tsai, A. (2018). Police killings and their spillover effects on the mental health of black Americans: a population-based, quasi-experimental study. The Lancet, 392(10144), 302-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31130-9
• Bresnahan, M., Begg, M., Brown, A., Schaefer, C., Sohler, N., & Insel, B. et al. (2007). Race and risk of schizophrenia in a US birth cohort: another example of health disparity?. International Journal Of Epidemiology, 36(4), 751-758. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dym041
• Chakraborty, A., McKenzie, K., & King, M. (2009). Discrimination, ethnicity and psychosis — a qualitative study. Ethnicity And Inequalities In Health And Social Care, 2(1), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.1108/17570980200900004
• Fernando, S. (2014). Racism in psychiatry. In R. Moodley & M. Ocampo (Eds.), Critical Psychiatry and Mental Health: Exploring the Work of Suman Fernando in Clinical Practice (pp. 22-32). Taylor & Francis.  
• Kirkmayer, L. J. (2014). Critical psychiatry in Canada. In R. Moodley & M. Ocampo (Eds.), Critical Psychiatry and Mental Health: Exploring the Work of Suman Fernando in Clinical Practice (pp. 170-181). Taylor & Francis.  
• Kuper, A. (2018). Cultural Safety & Equity [Lecture PDF]. Retrieved from University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine. 
• Maynard, R. (2017). Policing Black Lives: State Violence in Canada from Slavery to the Present. Fernwood.
• McKenzie, K. (2002). Does racial discrimination cause mental illness?. European Psychiatry, 17, 84. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(02)80385-6
• McKenzie, K., & Bhui, K. (2007). Institutional racism in mental health care. BMJ, 334(7595), 649-650. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39163.395972.80
• MCRRT - St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton. St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton. (2020). Retrieved 7 October 2020, from https://www.stjoes.ca/health-services/mental-health-addiction-services/mental-health-services/coast/mcrrt.
• Richardson, L. (2019). Diversity and Advocacy [Lecture PDF]. Retrieved from University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine. 

CPA Note: The views expressed in this podcast do not necessarily reflect those of the Canadian Psychiatric Association.

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