We’re back with our 4th episode in our collaborative series with BMJ Thorax. This week’s episode covers four articles related to bronchiectasis and covers a range of topics in this domain including novel therapeutics, registry data to understand risk, and health related quality of life.

Our mission at Pulm PEEPs is to disseminate and promote pulmonary and critical care education, and we highly value the importance of peer reviewed journals in this endeavor. Each month in BMJ Thorax, a journal club is published looking at high yield and impactful publications in pulmonary medicine. We will be putting out quarterly episodes in association with Thorax to discuss a journal club publication and synthesize four valuable papers.

Meet Our Guests

Chris Turnbull is an Associate Editor for Education at Thorax. He is an Honorary Researcher and Respiratory Medicine Consultant at Oxford University Hospitals. In addition to his role as Associate Editor for Education at BMJ Thorax, he is also a prominent researcher in sleep-related breathing disorders.

Dr. George Doumat completed his medical school at the American University of Beirut and now is an internal medicine resident at UT south western in his second year of training. Prior to starting residency he was a research fellow at MGH studying chronic lung disease.

Journal Club Papers

To submit a journal club article of your own to Thorax, you can contact Chris directly – [email protected]

To engage with Thorax, please use the social media channels (Twitter – @ThoraxBMJ; Facebook – Thorax.BMJ) and subscribe on your preferred platform, to get the latest episodes directly on your device each month.

Key Learning Points

1) ASPEN trial – brensocatib (DPP-1 inhibitor)

2) AIRLEAF (BI 1291583) – reversible cathepsin C inhibitor

3) U.S. Bronchiectasis & NTM Registry – 5-year outcomes

4) Bronch-UK cohort – anxiety & depression

Practical takeaways for clinic

Research/implementation gaps highlighted

Pro tip from the episode

When appraising trials, check the CONSORT diagram for generalizability and look for stratification methods in multinational RCTs; in phase 2 programs, expect model-based dose–response designs that trade breadth for power.

After a brief hiatus, we are excited to be back today with another Fellows’ Case Files! Today we’re virtually visiting the University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC) to hear about a fascinating pulmonary presentation. There are some fantastic case images and key learning points. Take a listen and see if you can make the diagnosis along with us. As always, let us know your thoughts and definitely reach out if you have an interesting case you’d like to share.

Meet Our Guests

Dr. Vishwajit Hegde completed his internal medicine residency at University of Kansas Medical Center where he stayed for fellowship and is currently a second year Pulmonary and Critical Care medicine fellow. 

Dr. Sahil Pandya is an Associate Professor of Medicine and Program Director of the PCCM Fellowship at KUMC.

Case Presentation

Imaging

Infographic

Key Learning Points

1) Initial frame & diagnostic mindset

2) Imaging pearls—nodular pattern recognition

3) Neuro findings—ring-enhancing lesions

4) Lab/serology strategy

5) “Tissue is the issue”—choosing the procedure

6) ROSE (rapid on-site evaluation) in bronchoscopy

7) Final diagnosis & management

References and Further Reading

We are so excited to be launching a new series here at Pulm PEEPs! We’ll be talking about high yield topics in 15 minutes or less. In this series, Furf and Monty will tackle core points and provide an overview, key points, and further reading. We’re starting with a key point review of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonitis. Let us know if there are other topics you want to hear about!

Key Learning Points

Infographic

References and Further Reading

Today we’re talking about a topic that is relevant for all critical care physicians but under-examined: ICU Acquired Weakness. We are joined by two excellent guests to walk through a case and discuss the diagnosis, pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of ICU Acquired Weakness. Check out our associated infographics and key learning points below.

Meet Our Guests

Jim Devanney is a Physiatrist who just completed a neurocritical care fellowship at BIDMC. He is transitioning to a clinical associate position at University Health Network – University of Toronto where he will be working as a PM&R consultant within the ICU.

Kalaila Pais is a third year internal medicine resident at BIDMC, interested in pulmonary and critical care and medical education and is returning for her third Pulm PEEPs episode.

Key Learning Points

Definition & Clinical Presentation

• Critical Illness Polyneuromyopathy (CIPNM): Combination of both

Diagnosis

• Medical Research Council Score (MRC-SS):
  • Score < 48: ICU-AW
  • Score < 36: severe ICU-AW
• Handgrip dynamometry: <11 kg (men), <7 kg (women)
• Electrophysiology: EMG/NCS to distinguish CIM vs CIP
• Muscle ultrasound: bedside monitoring
• MRI/CT/Muscle biopsy: rarely used due to practical limitation

Risk Factors

Modifiable:

• Hyper/hypoglycemia
• Electrolyte derangement
• Parenteral nutrition
• Immobility
• Medications (steroids, NM blockers, sedatives, aminoglycosides)

Non-modifiable:

• Age, female sex, comorbidities
• Severity of illness, prolonged ventilation
• Sepsis, multi-organ failure

 Management & Prevention

• Prevention is key:
  • Early treatment of sepsis and inflammation
  • Glycemic control
  • Early enteral nutrition
  • Minimize sedation (A-F bundle)
  • Early mobilization and physical therapy
• NMES (neuromuscular electrical stimulation): emerging therapy, needs more evidence

Outcomes

• Short-term: increased LOS, ventilation duration, mortality
• Long-term: decreased function, discharge to rehab, prolonged recovery

Final Takeaways

• Prevention is crucial — start interventions early.
• Systematic approach to ICU weakness helps rule out dangerous mimics.
• ICU-AW is common but often under-recognized — awareness and early rehab can significantly impact recovery.

Infographics

References and Further Reading

Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/­Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU. Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gélinas C, et al. Critical Care Medicine. 2018;46(9):e825-e873. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000003299.

The ABCDEF Bundle: Science and Philosophy of How ICU Liberation Serves Patients and Families. Ely EW. Critical Care Medicine. 2017;45(2):321-330. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002175.

Caring for Critically Ill Patients With the ABCDEF Bundle: Results of the ICU Liberation Collaborative in Over 15,000 Adults. Pun BT, Balas MC, Barnes-Daly MA, et al. Critical Care Medicine. 2019;47(1):3-14. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000003482.

Delirium in Critical Illness: Clinical Manifestations, Outcomes, and Management. Stollings JL, Kotfis K, Chanques G, et al. Intensive Care Medicine. 2021;47(10):1089-1103. doi:10.1007/s00134-021-06503-1.

ICU-acquired Weakness. Vanhorebeek I, Latronico N, Van den Berghe G. Intensive Care Medicine. 2020;46(4):637-653. doi:10.1007/s00134-020-05944-4.

Clinical Review: Intensive Care Unit Acquired Weakness. Hermans G, Van den Berghe G. Critical Care (London, England). 2015;19:274. doi:10.1186/s13054-015-0993-7.

Best Practices for Conducting Interprofessional Team Rounds to Facilitate Performance of the ICU Liberation (ABCDEF) Bundle. Stollings JL, Devlin JW, Lin JC, et al. Critical Care Medicine. 2020;48(4):562-570. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000004197.

ABCDE and ABCDEF Care Bundles: A Systematic Review of the Implementation Process in Intensive Care Units. Moraes FDS, Marengo LL, Moura MDG, et al. Medicine. 2022;101(25):e29499. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000029499.

Hi Pulm PEEPs! Today we have a special episode for you. Monty and Furf were invited on the Core IM Podcast to talk about the work up and management of pleural effusions. This is a great overview and we hope you enjoy listening as much as we did recording. If you want a deeper dive into pleural effusions check out our prior series:

36. Top Consults Series: Approach to Pleural Effusions

37. Top Consults: Approach to Parapneumonic Effusions

49. Top Consults: Malignant Pleural Effusions

Today, we’re virtually visiting the University of Virginia for another Fellows’ Case Files. This is a fantastic case that covers ARDS, the infectious work up of an immunosuppressed patient, and the evaluation of undifferentiated shock. Please let us know what you think of the episode and always feel free to reach out with interesting cases!

Meet Our Guests

John Popovich completed his residency training and chief year at UVA and has stayed on there for his pulmonary and critical care fellowship.

Tim Scialla is an associate professor of medicine at UVA. He completed his residency and fellowship at Johns Hopkins Hospital where he was also an ACS. His clinical and research focuses are advanced airways disease. He is also the program director of the PCCM fellowship.

Matt Freedman completed his residency training at Virginia Commonwealth University and is currently a second year fellow at University of Virginia.

Case Presentation

Patient: 52-year-old male with psoriasis, HIV/AIDS (CD4 count: 71), presenting with progressive shortness of breath, fever, non-productive cough, and weight loss.

Vital signs: Febrile (103°F), tachycardic (HR 110), hypoxemic on 6L O₂ (SpO₂ 90–92%).

Exam: Diffuse crackles, ill-appearing.

Imaging: CXR and CT showed bilateral upper lobe infiltrates, ground-glass opacities, septal thickening, and peripheral cystic changes.

Infographics

Shock physiology:

Key Learning Points

Diagnostic Reasoning in Immunocompromised Hosts

Use of Serum Markers and Imaging

Role of Bronchoscopy and Diagnostic Yield

Steroids in PCP and Severe CAP

Shock Evaluation in ICU

Today is our third episode in our collaborative series with BMJ Thorax. Our mission at Pulm PEEPs is to disseminate and promote pulmonary and critical care education, and we highly value the importance of peer reviewed journals in this endeavor. Each month in BMJ Thorax, a journal club is published looking at high yield and impactful publications in pulmonary medicine. We will be putting out quarterly episodes in association with Thorax to discuss a journal club publication and synthesize four valuable papers. This week’s episode covers four articles related to obstructive sleep apnea therapies, and the use of non-invasive ventilation and high flow nasal cannula for intubation and COPD exacerbations.

Meet Our Guests

Chris Turnbull is an Associate Editor for Education at Thorax. He is an Honorary Researcher and Respiratory Medicine Consultant at Oxford University Hospitals. In addition to his role as Associate Editor for Education at BMJ Thorax, he is also a prominent researcher in sleep-related breathing disorders.

Natalie McLeod is  a resident in respiratory medicine and is currently doing a clinical fellowship in sleep and ventilation at Oxford University Hospitals.

Journal Club Papers

To submit a journal club article of your own to Thorax, you can contact Chris directly – [email protected]

To engage with Thorax, please use the social media channels (Twitter – @ThoraxBMJ; Facebook – Thorax.BMJ) and subscribe on your preferred platform, to get the latest episodes directly on your device each month.

We’re back with another Rapid Fire Journal Club. Luke Hedrick and Dave Furfaro discuss the NAVIGATOR trial published in NEJM in 2021 evaluating tezepelumab for adults with asthma.

Article and Reference

We are talking today about the NAVIGATOR trial evaluating the use of tezepelumab in adults with asthma.

Menzies-Gow A, Corren J, Bourdin A, Chupp G, Israel E, Wechsler ME, Brightling CE, Griffiths JM, Hellqvist Å, Bowen K, Kaur P, Almqvist G, Ponnarambil S, Colice G. Tezepelumab in Adults and Adolescents with Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma. N Engl J Med. 2021 May 13;384(19):1800-1809. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034975. PMID: 33979488.

https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2034975

Key Learning Points

Background & Rationale

Study Design (Navigator Trial)

Outcomes

Key Inclusion/Exclusion

Patient Population (Table 1 Summary)

 Results

Efficacy:

Safety:

Overall Takeaway

Infographic:

We are podcasting today directly from ATS 2025 in San Francisco! Every year, in collaboration with the ATS Critical Care Assembly, we highlight some of the scientific symposium programming from the conference. Today, Furf and Monty sit down with the three chairs of the scientific symposium entitled: Mechanical Ventilation of the Future: New Foundations For Ventilator Strategies.

Meet Our Guests

Juliana Ferreira is an Associate Professor at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil where she is also co-director of the pulmonary and critical care fellowship program. She is an MD, PhD, and a physician scientist with specific interests in mechanical ventilation and medical education. Finally, she serves ATS as the ATS MECOR Latin America Director.

Bhakti Patel is an Assistant Professor Medicine at the University of Chicago. She is a dedicated researcher and educator. Her research focuses on non-invasive ventilator support.

Akram Khan is an Associate Professor of Medicine at Oregon Health and Science University. Akram is a pulmonary, critical care, and sleep provider with specific clinical interests in critical illness, pulmonary vascular disease and sleep apnea. Additionally, he is an accomplished translational science researcher.

We’re back with another edition of Fellows’ Case Files! Today, we’re virtually visiting Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School to work through a fascinating pulmonary case. Enjoy, and let us know your thoughts.

Meet Our Guests

Khalil El Gharib completed his residency training at Northwell at Staten Island University Hospital Program and is currently a first year fellow at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.

Sabiha Hussain completed her residency training at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and her fellowship training at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in New York. She is currently a Professor of Medicine and the fellowship Program Director.

Case Presentation

Initial Workup and Diagnostic Reasoning

Re-Presentation and Further Testing

Imaging and Pathology

Pathology images a courtesy to Dr Isago Jerrett, pathology resident at RWJMS

Key Learning Points

Diagnostic Framework for Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP)

Differential Diagnosis of Granulomatous Disease

Management and Outcome

Teaching Pearls