五分钟中文 5 Minute Chinese

三伏天 The Dog Days of Summer


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Hello everyone! In this episode I explain what is "sanfu tian"—the Chinese "Dog Days of Summer", the ancient Chinese solar terms marking the beginning and end of the Sanfu Tian, and the folk traditions along with this period. Script and useful expressions below. 
Let me know if you have any questions or comments! Thank you. Have a great day!


1 大家好。最近一直都在说天气热。看新闻说最近全世界的天气都很热。英国首次预测气温将达到 40°C("以上"是口误)。与此同时,在葡萄牙和西班牙,气温已高达46°C。最近大约真的是一年当中最热的时候了。

  1. 首次 | Shǒucì | first time
  2. 预测 | yùcè | predict
  3. 达到 | dádào | achieve, reach the level
  4. 口误 | kǒuwù | slip of the tongue
  5. 与此同时 | yǔ cǐ tóngshí | at the same time
  6. 葡萄牙 | pútáoyá | Portugal
  7. 西班牙 | xībānyá | Spain
  8. 高达 | gāodá | as high as 

 

2 在中国文化里,现在这段非常炎热的日子就是“三伏天”。三伏在小暑和处暑两个节气之间,在公历7月中旬到8月中旬。分为初伏、中伏和末伏。根据中国的古代的历法,初伏、末伏规定的时间是10天。但中伏的天数就有长有短了。“伏”表示阴气受阳气所迫藏在了地下。三伏天的气候特点是气温高、气压低、湿度大、风速小。是一年中气温最高且又闷热潮湿的时段。

  1. 三伏天 | sān fútiān | dog days of summer
  2. 段 | duàn | part, period
  3. 炎热 | yánrè | hot
  4. 小暑 | xiǎoshǔ | little heat
  5. 处暑 | chùshǔ | end heat
  6. 节气 | jiéqì | solar term
  7. 历法 | lìfǎ | calendar
  8. 规定 | guīdìng | Regulation
  9. 阴气/阳气 | yīn qì/yáng qì | Yin/Yang
  10. 受...所迫 | shòu... Suǒ pò | forced by
  11. 藏 | cáng | hide
  12. 气候 | qìhòu | climate
  13. 特点 | tèdiǎn | Feature
  14. 气压 | qìyā | air pressure
  15. 湿度 | shīdù | humidity
  16. 风速 | fēngsù | wind speed
  17. 闷热 | mēnrè | sultry
  18. 潮湿 | cháoshī | damp

 

3 小暑(Slight heat)是每年公历7月6至7或者8日,是“伏天”的开始。 小暑就是“小热”,意思是虽然已经能够感受到天气的炎热,但是还没有达到一年内最热的时候,小暑只是炎炎夏日的开始。

  1. 感受 | gǎnshòu | feel
  2. 炎炎夏日 | yányán xià rì | hot summer

  

4 处暑(the Stop of Heat)是每年公历8月22或者23、24日开始,九月初结束。“处”在古代有终止的意思,所以处暑就是终结暑热,表示炎热暑天即将结束。不过这段时间虽然天气在慢慢变凉,但是仍然会出现短期的回热天气,没有真正凉爽下来。中国人把八九月份这种短期高温的天气叫“秋老虎”。我想它的意思就是,虽然已经是秋天了,但是热天气却在我们没有准备的情况下突然来到。

  1. 终结 | zhōngjié | end
  2. 即将 | jíjiāng | coming soon
  3. 仍然 | réngrán | still
  4. 短期 | duǎnqí | short term
  5. 在...情况下 | zài... Qíngkuàng xià | in case of


5 三伏天期间也有很多习俗。比如小暑的时候,南方有“食新”的习俗。人们会吃新米,喝新酒。在北方有“头伏吃饺子“的习俗。不过我觉得在中国北方,大家会找各种各样的理由吃饺子。因为饺子真的是太好吃了吧!除了小暑,处暑的民俗活动也有很多。比如说,吃鸭子、放河灯(放河灯就是在水中放灯悼念逝者)、还有开渔节(就是欢送渔民出海捕鱼的节日)。

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Let me know if you can't find it. If you have any questions, please feel free to email me at [email protected]. Please also email me if you need Traditional Chinese transcripts. Have a great day!

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