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開心日報

The National Coalition for Dialogue & Deliberation (NCDD) is is a network of thousands of innovators who bring people together across divides to tackle today’s toughest challenges. NCDD serves as a gathering place, a resource clearinghouse, a news source, and a facilitative leader for this extraordinary community.

The National Coalition for Dialogue &amp; Deliberation (NCDD) is is a network of thousands of innovators who bring people together across divides to tackle today’s toughest challenges. NCDD serves as a gathering place, a resource clearinghouse, a news source, and a facilitative leader for this extraordinary community.

NCDD Podcast

En podkast om bistand, utviklingspolitikk, nødhjelp og annet som Kirkens Nødhjelp jobber med.

Vidvinkel

Este é o perfil oficial do Ministério dos Transportes, Portos e Aviação Civil

Brasil em Movimento

Welcome to Talking 24, the health and information podcast from NHS 24, with your host Lisa Dransfield. From invaluable health information to patient stories and updates on clinical services development, Talking 24 is the ultimate health podcast for those living in Scotland. 

If you have anything you'd like us to talk about on the Podcast, please get in touch with us on social media

Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/NHS24/

Instagram
https://www.instagram.com/nhs24.scot/

Twitter
https://twitter.com/NHS24

Welcome to Talking 24, the health and information podcast from NHS 24, with your host Lisa Dransfield. From invaluable health information to patient stories and updates on clinical services development, Talking 24 is the ultimate health podcast for those living in Scotland. If you have anything you'd like us to talk about on the Podcast, please get in touch with us on social media Facebook https://www.facebook.com/NHS24/ Instagram https://www.instagram.com/nhs24.scot/ Twitter https://twitter.com/NHS24

Talking 24

The Wisdom, Truth, & Freedom podcast. We share our wisdom, speak our truth and enjoy the freedom we have while discussing topics that impact our world though the lens of our different views and backgrounds. While we’re not experts, our opinions are expertly held.

The Wisdom, Truth, &amp; Freedom podcast. We share our wisdom, speak our truth and enjoy the freedom we have while discussing topics that impact our world though the lens of our different views and backgrounds. While we’re not experts, our opinions are expertly held.

Wisdom, Truth, & Freedom

Adelaide (un)Planned is a podcast exploring design and planning in Adelaide, South Australia – the good, bad and (sometimes) ugly.  

What is it that makes our city one of the most liveable in the world?  And who’s counting anyway?

Brought to you by two passionate and new-ish Adelaidians, each episode features conversations with some of Adelaide’s leading thinkers, planners and design professionals, selected for their opinions, insights, stories and (we hope) good humour.

Expect discussion about well-known and changing places, streets and developments, and topical chats about landscape, transport, our environment, civic leadership and more.  

Adelaide un(Planned) is a place for discourse about our city's future, in a time when it can be hard to find a forum to hear the whole story, or the back story.

Presented by Michael McKeown and Daniel Bennett.  Original theme music by Euan Gray.  With thanks to all contributors, colleagues and listeners.  Adelaide (un)Planned is proudly supported by Jensen PLUS _ planning _ landscape architecture _ urban design _ social planning.

Adelaide (un)Planned is a podcast exploring design and planning in Adelaide, South Australia – the good, bad and (sometimes) ugly. What is it that makes our city one of the most liveable in the world? And who’s counting anyway? Brought to you by two passionate and new-ish Adelaidians, each episode features conversations with some of Adelaide’s leading thinkers, planners and design professionals, selected for their opinions, insights, stories and (we hope) good humour. Expect discussion about well-known and changing places, streets and developments, and topical chats about landscape, transport, our environment, civic leadership and more. Adelaide un(Planned) is a place for discourse about our city's future, in a time when it can be hard to find a forum to hear the whole story, or the back story. Presented by Michael McKeown and Daniel Bennett. Original theme music by Euan Gray. With thanks to all contributors, colleagues and listeners. Adelaide (un)Planned is proudly supported by Jensen PLUS _ planning _ landscape architecture _ urban design _ social planning.

Adelaide (un)Planned

Inda Yingoma

The Why I care about... podcast is a conversation with a guest, active in the world of data, about what they really care about and why.
Swirrl is now part of TPXimpact.

The Why I care about... podcast is a conversation with a guest, active in the world of data, about what they really care about and why. Swirrl is now part of TPXimpact.

Why I care about...

While oriented for rural, suburban Wisconsin, the Wis. Mama Bear Podcast dives into political dynamics that can be applied to rural communities across the country.  This podcast is designed to be conversation starter- think the start of sourdough bread- to get folks thinking, talking, and ultimately pushing past the propaganda narratives that set in and suffocate come election time.  These are our communities and if we want government by and for the people, we have to take a stand to fight for it.

While oriented for rural, suburban Wisconsin, the Wis. Mama Bear Podcast dives into political dynamics that can be applied to rural communities across the country. This podcast is designed to be conversation starter- think the start of sourdough bread- to get folks thinking, talking, and ultimately pushing past the propaganda narratives that set in and suffocate come election time. These are our communities and if we want government by and for the people, we have to take a stand to fight for it.

While oriented for rural, suburban Wisconsin, the Wis. Mama Bear Podcast dives into political dynamics that can be applied to rural communities across the country.&nbsp; This podcast is designed to be conversation starter- think the start of sourdough bread- to get folks thinking, talking, and ultimately pushing past the propaganda narratives that set in and suffocate come election time.&nbsp; These are our communities and if we want government by and for the people, we have to take a stand to fight for it.

The Wis. Mama Bear Podcast

Weltoffen ist der internationale Podcast der Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung. Wir sprechen mit unseren Expert:innen vor Ort über aktuelle Geschehnisse und geben liberale Einblicke zu internationalen Themen.

Weltoffen

Wixom City Council Meetings Podcast

Emerson Levy, Marcus LeGrand, and Anthony Broadman talk Bend civics, advocacy, and the people who make our City special. 

* Note, the opinions expressed are solely those of the person expressing them and do not express the official views, opinions, or position of the City of Bend, Bend-LaPine Schools or any other government or organization.

Emerson Levy, Marcus LeGrand, and Anthony Broadman talk Bend civics, advocacy, and the people who make our City special. * Note, the opinions expressed are solely those of the person expressing them and do not express the official views, opinions, or position of the City of Bend, Bend-LaPine Schools or any other government or organization.

The State of Bend

Welcome to the ACB Transportation and Advocacy Track of the ACB Focus Podcast Series. ACB encourages transit systems, government services, and public accommodations to supplement existing informational and wayfinding technologies through the deployment of technology-based accessibility tools and strategies as one means of providing access to the built environment for people who are blind or have low vision.

ACB Focus: Transportation and Advocacy

Y Podlediadau diweddaraf gan Rhwydwaith Cymunedau Mwy Diogel Cymru, yn archwilio'r pwnc eang diogelwch cymunedol yng Nghymru gyda gwesteion arbenigol.

Rhwydwaith Cymunedau Mwy Diogel Cymru

A detailed analysis of the 2024 UK General Election, as it proceeds, by academics based at the School of Policy and Global Affairs, City, University of London. Participants: Professor Michael Ben-Gad, Dr Lise Butler, Professor Charles Lees, Professor Ian Pace, Professor Chris Rojek, Dr Konstantin Vossing. Produced and edited by Maria Martinez-Ugartechea. Overall coordination and production by Ian Pace. Music played by Ian Pace.

City Politicos: Counting Down to UK 2024 Election

Uw wekelijkse gids door het doolhof van de Amerikaanse verkiezingen. Hier hoor je de analyses, verwachtingen én duiding van onze Amerikaspecialisten Richard Donk en Wim en Jan-Willem Kranendonk.

Op weg naar het Witte Huis

Σύντομο Δελτίο Ειδήσεων: Μάθετε σε λιγότερο από τρία λεπτά τι συμβαίνει στο Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο. Καθημερινά, από Δευτέρα μέχρι Παρασκευή.
Μπορείτε να ακούσετε περισσότερα podcast στο Europarl Radio, το διαδικτυακό ραδιόφωνο του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου.

Σύντομο Δελτίο Ειδήσεων: Μάθετε σε λιγότερο από τρία λεπτά τι συμβαίνει στο Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο. Καθημερινά, από Δευτέρα μέχρι Παρασκευή. Μπορείτε να ακούσετε περισσότερα podcast στο Europarl Radio, το διαδικτυακό ραδιόφωνο του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου.

Σύντομο δελτίο ειδήσεων

TPPF's Chief Executive Officer, Greg Sindelar, sits down with leaders in the worlds of government, business, policy and culture to learn about their backgrounds and what drives them in shaping this great land.

The Arena with Greg Sindelar

Bli med ut i verden. Hør historiene og få forklaringene fra Norges største utenriksredaksjon.

Urix

This is your What does the US Secretary of State do, a 101 podcast.

Explore the captivating lives and careers of the Secretaries of State with the "Secretary of State Living Biography" podcast. Updated regularly, this biographical series delves into the personal and professional journeys of these influential figures in global diplomacy and national policy. Each episode offers insightful stories, historical context, and expert commentary, making it a must-listen for history enthusiasts and political aficionados alike. Discover the people behind the pivotal decisions that have shaped U.S. foreign relations and global affairs through this engaging podcast.

For more info go to 

https://www.quietplease.ai

Check out these deals https://amzn.to/48MZPjs

This content was created in partnership and with the help of Artificial Intelligence AI.

This is your What does the US Secretary of State do, a 101 podcast. Explore the captivating lives and careers of the Secretaries of State with the "Secretary of State Living Biography" podcast. Updated regularly, this biographical series delves into the personal and professional journeys of these influential figures in global diplomacy and national policy. Each episode offers insightful stories, historical context, and expert commentary, making it a must-listen for history enthusiasts and political aficionados alike. Discover the people behind the pivotal decisions that have shaped U.S. foreign relations and global affairs through this engaging podcast. For more info go to https://www.quietplease.ai Check out these deals https://amzn.to/48MZPjs This content was created in partnership and with the help of Artificial Intelligence AI.

Secretary of State - 101

Programa reivindicativo que trata  la  redistribución de la riqueza y la reivindicación de una economía democrática como base de los Derechos Humanos.

Además promueve el ejercicio democrático como herramienta en la erradicación de la pobreza y la fortaleza de la justicia social.

Se tratan asuntos relacionados con  los pueblos indígenas en el mundo: Derechos, legados, reivindicaciones, territorio, equilibrio medio ambiental, etc.
El espacio da cobertura a los movimientos sociales que trabajan en Canarias y el Mundo por la práctica real de la democracia y, por ende, por el control social de la producción y las finanzas en todas las geografías del planeta.

Programa reivindicativo que trata la redistribución de la riqueza y la reivindicación de una economía democrática como base de los Derechos Humanos. Además promueve el ejercicio democrático como herramienta en la erradicación de la pobreza y la fortaleza de la justicia social. Se tratan asuntos relacionados con los pueblos indígenas en el mundo: Derechos, legados, reivindicaciones, territorio, equilibrio medio ambiental, etc. El espacio da cobertura a los movimientos sociales que trabajan en Canarias y el Mundo por la práctica real de la democracia y, por ende, por el control social de la producción y las finanzas en todas las geografías del planeta.

Quebrando Censuras

Welcome to "I Heart Mooresville," where the heart of Mooresville, North Carolina, comes alive through the voices of our passionate hosts, Christine Patterson and Don Smyle. Christine, Arts & Events Manager for the Parks & Recreation Department with the Town of Mooresville, and Don, the Marketing Manager for Parks & Recreation Department with the Town of Mooresville, invite you to join them on a journey through the heartbeat of our charming town.

Welcome to "I Heart Mooresville," where the heart of Mooresville, North Carolina, comes alive through the voices of our passionate hosts, Christine Patterson and Don Smyle. Christine, Arts &amp; Events Manager for the Parks &amp; Recreation Department with the Town of Mooresville, and Don, the Marketing Manager for Parks &amp; Recreation Department with the Town of Mooresville, invite you to join them on a journey through the heartbeat of our charming town.

I HEART MOORESVILLE

Silent Alarm: Public Safety Pensions takes you on a deep dive into the intricate world of Baltimore's public safety pensions. This captivating series explores the critical challenges and notable successes of the Baltimore City Fire and Police Employees' Retirement System.From its origins to the recent decline in active membership, we examine how these issues are shaping the future sustainability of the pension system and the city's overall financial health. Through expert interviews with key stakeholders—including administrators, policymakers, pension specialists, and first responders—we highlight the strategies currently in play to address these pressing concerns.Tune in for an in-depth examination of how Baltimore’s pension system affects its public safety and the city’s future.

Silent Alarm: Public Safety Pensions takes you on a deep dive into the intricate world of Baltimore's public safety pensions. This captivating series explores the critical challenges and notable successes of the Baltimore City Fire and Police Employees' Retirement System. From its origins to the recent decline in active membership, we examine how these issues are shaping the future sustainability of the pension system and the city's overall financial health. Through expert interviews with key stakeholders—including administrators, policymakers, pension specialists, and first responders—we highlight the strategies currently in play to address these pressing concerns. Tune in for an in-depth examination of how Baltimore’s pension system affects its public safety and the city’s future.

Silent Alarm: Public Safety Pensions

Educationally Outraged seeks to spark discussions from all sides of the political spectrum and social standing, offering alternative interpretations of various subjects. &nbsp;We will discuss everything from education to mental health, from politics to social issues, and all that lies in between. Each episode aims to provide a platform for voices - primarily mine, but more importantly the voices of others who may have differing opinions on topics that matter deeply to them.

Educationally Outraged seeks to spark discussions from all sides of the political spectrum and social standing, offering alternative interpretations of various subjects.  We will discuss everything from education to mental health, from politics to social issues, and all that lies in between. Each episode aims to provide a platform for voices - primarily mine, but more importantly the voices of others who may have differing opinions on topics that matter deeply to them.

Educationally Outraged

R&agrave;dio del servei educatiu Les Corts.

La r&agrave;dio de les escoles i instituts de Les Corts.

Ràdio del servei educatiu Les Corts. La ràdio de les escoles i instituts de Les Corts.

Ràdio del servei educatiu Les Corts.

La ràdio de les escoles i instituts de Les Corts.

Ràdio SE Les Corts

In migrant justice work there are No Small Victories (Kamila Shamsie). Lucy Nabijou from Haringey Welcome talks to guests surviving and resisting the UK’s Hostile Environment immigration policy and explores what a kinder and more hopeful society could look like.

No Small Victories: Community Tales of Resistance

Discover how Environmental Policy is working to create a thriving resilient Tasman.

Click to Play - TDC Environmental Policy

Truth, Knowledge &amp; Wisdom. Exploring the world both unknown and known.

Truth, Knowledge & Wisdom. Exploring the world both unknown and known.

Huntsmen Podcast

Touching on the topics NOT discussed in education

Touching on the topics NOT discussed in education

Third Rail Classroom

Throughout the day, the conference featured dynamic discussions focused on unlocking the UK's potential as a scientific superpower, creating a globally competitive ecosystem, and driving national productivity through innovative manufacturing and advanced R&D.

Throughout the day, the conference featured dynamic discussions focused on unlocking the UK's potential as a scientific superpower, creating a globally competitive ecosystem, and driving national productivity through innovative manufacturing and advanced R&amp;D.

Creating a Scientific Superpower Conference 2024

Here at Plan For America, a Public-Private Partnership, we believe in an America that can provide for all her citizenry. For 18 years, we have listened, studied, and refined PFA to truly be for the people. Providing retirement and healthcare that does not burden our children and their future with runaway debts and deficits.

​Plan For America truly is a pragmatic solution to many of the financial and healthcare necessities that everyday Americans face. PFA pioneers the way to a solvent and fruitful future for all.

Here at Plan For America, a Public-Private Partnership, we believe in an America that can provide for all her citizenry. For 18 years, we have listened, studied, and refined PFA to truly be for the people. Providing retirement and healthcare that does not burden our children and their future with runaway debts and deficits. ​Plan For America truly is a pragmatic solution to many of the financial and healthcare necessities that everyday Americans face. PFA pioneers the way to a solvent and fruitful future for all.

Plan For America

The Callahan brothers attack the real issues. What songs do you want played at your funeral? Why the color red has a negative connotation and what it taste like, as well as can two unlaiden swallows carry a coconut. All these subjects and any other damn stupid thing they feel like discussing with the special intensity that comes after about the 3rd beer. So listen, or don't, they don't give a shit. Just know, Buddha punches Jesus in the balls every time someone passes on listening to the Callahan Brothers epic podcast, Bangin 2 Coconuts! So Turn on (everyone), Tune in (to yourself), and Drop out (of fractions)!<hr> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.

The Callahan brothers attack the real issues. What songs do you want played at your funeral? Why the color red has a negative connotation and what it taste like, as well as can two unlaiden swallows carry a coconut. All these subjects and any other damn stupid thing they feel like discussing with the special intensity that comes after about the 3rd beer. So listen, or don't, they don't give a shit. Just know, Buddha punches Jesus in the balls every time someone passes on listening to the Callahan Brothers epic podcast, Bangin 2 Coconuts! So Turn on (everyone), Tune in (to yourself), and Drop out (of fractions)! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The Callahan brothers attack the real issues. What songs do you want played at your funeral? Why the color red has a negative connotation and what it taste like, as well as can two unlaiden swallows carry a coconut. All these subjects and any other damn stupid thing they feel like discussing with the special intensity that comes after about the 3rd beer. So listen, or don't, they don't give a shit. Just know, Buddha punches Jesus in the balls every time someone passes on listening to the Callahan Brothers epic podcast, Bangin 2 Coconuts! So Turn on (everyone), Tune in (to yourself), and Drop out (of fractions)! Hosted on Acast. See <a href="https://acast.com/privacy" rel="noopener noreferrer">acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.

Bangin 2 Coconuts

Join host Kari Lerner, Chair of the Democratic Party of County Florida, for this weekly show on political issues in Florida and around the US. Learn how the Democratic Party is working for the people and Republicans are working for themselves.

Political Perspectives with the Democratic Party of Lee County

Welcome to A Younger Voice, the podcast giving you a fresh take on US politics from the perspective of young people. On this show, we'll be reviewing the latest political news stories, analyzing policy, and interviewing guests to get their insights on issues that matter to the younger generation.You'll also hear interviews with interesting guests - young activists, political commentators and thought leaders. We'll get their unique insights on current affairs and dig deeper into the policy ideas that could improve life for the younger generation.The goal is to move politics beyond the tired old debates and inject some much-needed youthful energy into the conversation. We'll put forward an inspiring vision for the future and discuss how we can get there. The time has come for younger voices to be heard. Join me as we have an open and honest debate about the state of the US today, and how we can create change for the better.

Welcome to A Younger Voice, the podcast giving you a fresh take on US politics from the perspective of young people. On this show, we'll be reviewing the latest political news stories, analyzing policy, and interviewing guests to get their insights on issues that matter to the younger generation. You'll also hear interviews with interesting guests - young activists, political commentators and thought leaders. We'll get their unique insights on current affairs and dig deeper into the policy ideas that could improve life for the younger generation. The goal is to move politics beyond the tired old debates and inject some much-needed youthful energy into the conversation. We'll put forward an inspiring vision for the future and discuss how we can get there. The time has come for younger voices to be heard. Join me as we have an open and honest debate about the state of the US today, and how we can create change for the better.

A Younger Voice

http://www.adfreebooks.com - 500+ audiobooks, all ad free Fisher’s treatment of the history of Finland, in the context of its relations with Russia, was released in 1899—at the start of the first attempted wave of Russification. At this time, it seems, many Finns regarded it as a misunderstanding. A mistake. Not a contrivance of Nicholas II, but a villainy emanating instead, fen-sucked, from the sinister Russian state machinery—the fief of a myopic and obdurate cadre of supremacists and absolutists. Men like the rabid anti-semite Konstantin Pobedonostsev who, by the camera's harsh testimony, seems to have died long before he stopped coming in to work, and like Ivan Goremykin who in an ironic twist of fate would not so very much later – after 1906 – have to stretch his mind to try to contend with the obscenity of constitutional monarchy at home. Men who all nursed a bitter grudge at the perceived slight to their omnipotence called Finland. The long-standing arrangements and understandings between Finland and the Tsars had up to this time, for the better part of a century, served both parties very well. And would undoubtedly have stood Russia in good stead into the twentieth century. Every Tsar reaffirmed a solemn pledge to maintain the Fundamental Laws underpinning the constitutional order, to uphold Alexander I's promise to respect "their religion, their laws, their liberties and their rights." Every Tsar honored it—until Nicholas II. In return, Finland turned its back on Sweden to stand at Russia's side bringing with it a domain which was loyal, orderly and industrious and soon enough became highly educated and prosperous too. Regardless of the shocks and reversals the Empire encountered, the Grand Duchy was unwavering so far as imperial internal security went, producing never "...a conspirator or an agitator against Russia. It provided instead generals for her armies and admirals for her fleet." Subversion and coercion efforts against the Finnish state would be abruptly halted in the immediate aftermath of the bitter defeat meted out by Japan in 1905; Saint Petersburg had unrest aplenty across its vast and ethnically diverse extent without manufacturing more. These efforts would resume. Finland would be driven to, at the first opportunity, declare independence in 1917. The events of the twentieth century would be profoundly influenced by the collapse of Russo-Finnish cooperation, by the Winter War and by Finland’s politics and diplomatic efforts during the Cold War. While the impact of some of these developments may be seen as broadly beneficial to Europe, much of it was to the critical detriment of the prevailing political orders in Russia.

http://www.adfreebooks.com - 500+ audiobooks, all ad freeFisher’s treatment of the history of Finland, in the context of its relations with Russia, was released in 1899—at the start of the first attempted wave of Russification. At this time, it seems, many Finns regarded it as a misunderstanding. A mistake. Not a contrivance of Nicholas II, but a villainy emanating instead, fen-sucked, from the sinister Russian state machinery—the fief of a myopic and obdurate cadre of supremacists and absolutists. Men like the rabid anti-semite Konstantin Pobedonostsev who, by the camera's harsh testimony, seems to have died long before he stopped coming in to work, and like Ivan Goremykin who in an ironic twist of fate would not so very much later – after 1906 – have to stretch his mind to try to contend with the obscenity of constitutional monarchy at home. Men who all nursed a bitter grudge at the perceived slight to their omnipotence called Finland. The long-standing arrangements and understandings between Finland and the Tsars had up to this time, for the better part of a century, served both parties very well. And would undoubtedly have stood Russia in good stead into the twentieth century. Every Tsar reaffirmed a solemn pledge to maintain the Fundamental Laws underpinning the constitutional order, to uphold Alexander I's promise to respect "their religion, their laws, their liberties and their rights." Every Tsar honored it—until Nicholas II. In return, Finland turned its back on Sweden to stand at Russia's side bringing with it a domain which was loyal, orderly and industrious and soon enough became highly educated and prosperous too. Regardless of the shocks and reversals the Empire encountered, the Grand Duchy was unwavering so far as imperial internal security went, producing never "...a conspirator or an agitator against Russia. It provided instead generals for her armies and admirals for her fleet." Subversion and coercion efforts against the Finnish state would be abruptly halted in the immediate aftermath of the bitter defeat meted out by Japan in 1905; Saint Petersburg had unrest aplenty across its vast and ethnically diverse extent without manufacturing more. These efforts would resume. Finland would be driven to, at the first opportunity, declare independence in 1917. The events of the twentieth century would be profoundly influenced by the collapse of Russo-Finnish cooperation, by the Winter War and by Finland’s politics and diplomatic efforts during the Cold War. While the impact of some of these developments may be seen as broadly beneficial to Europe, much of it was to the critical detriment of the prevailing political orders in Russia.

http://www.adfreebooks.com - 500+ audiobooks, all ad free Fisher’s treatment of the history of Finland, in the context of its relations with Russia, was released in 1899—at the start of the first attempted wave of Russification. At this time, it seems, many Finns regarded it as a misunderstanding. A mistake. Not a contrivance of Nicholas II, but a villainy emanating instead, fen-sucked, from the sinister Russian state machinery—the fief of a myopic and obdurate cadre of supremacists and absolutists. Men like the rabid anti-semite Konstantin Pobedonostsev who, by the camera's harsh testimony, seems to have died long before he stopped coming in to work, and like Ivan Goremykin who in an ironic twist of fate would not so very much later – after 1906 – have to stretch his mind to try to contend with the obscenity of constitutional monarchy at home. Men who all nursed a bitter grudge at the perceived slight to their omnipotence called Finland. The long-standing arrangements and understandings between Finland and the Tsars had up to this time, for the better part of a century, served both parties very well. And would undoubtedly have stood Russia in good stead into the twentieth century. Every Tsar reaffirmed a solemn pledge to maintain the Fundamental Laws underpinning the constitutional order, to uphold Alexander I's promise to respect "their religion, their laws, their liberties and their rights." Every Tsar honored it—until Nicholas II. In return, Finland turned its back on Sweden to stand at Russia's side bringing with it a domain which was loyal, orderly and industrious and soon enough became highly educated and prosperous too. Regardless of the shocks and reversals the Empire encountered, the Grand Duchy was unwavering so far as imperial internal security went, producing never "...a conspirator or an agitator against Russia. It provided instead generals for her armies and admirals for her fleet." Subversion and coercion efforts against the Finnish state would be abruptly halted in the immediate aftermath of the bitter defeat meted out by Japan in 1905; Saint Petersburg had unrest aplenty across its vast and ethnically diverse extent without manufacturing more. These efforts would resume. Finland would be driven to, at the first opportunity, declare independence in 1917. The events of the twentieth century would be profoundly influenced by the collapse of Russo-Finnish cooperation, by the Winter War and by Finland’s politics and diplomatic efforts during the Cold War. While the impact of some of these developments may be seen as broadly beneficial to Europe, much of it was to the critical detriment of the prevailing political orders in Russia.

Government Podcasts / Page 271