We’re back with 21st episode of "Quick Literature Updates" the podcast series that delivers the latest updates in pediatric surgery literature in a quick and digestible format. In each episode, we review articles covering the most interesting and relevant topics in the field.

These articles are either chosen by JPS editors or our collaborators. We present these reviews as short news pieces with a summarization of key points.

Whether you're a trainee, attending, or an advanced medical professional, tune in to our podcast for a dose of medical knowledge in every episode. Stay up to date on the latest trends and advancements in pediatric surgery with "Quick Literature Updates".

Host: Em Gootee

NCBI - WWW Error Blocked Diagnostic

Li S, Wang J, Li M, Zhang Z, Mi T, Wu X, Wang Z, Jin L, He D. Efficacy and late kidney effects of nephron-sparing surgery in the management of unilateral Wilms tumor: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int. 2023 Dec 27;40(1):29. doi: 10.1007/s00383-023-05611-x. PMID: 38150145.

NCBI - WWW Error Blocked Diagnostic

Gillipelli SR, Pio L, Losty PD, Abdelhafeez AH. Female Fertility Cryopreservation Outcomes in Childhood Cancer: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Surg. 2024 Aug;59(8):1564-1568. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.02.015. Epub 2024 Mar 1. PMID: 38519388.

NCBI - WWW Error Blocked Diagnostic

Witte AB, Van Arendonk K, Bergner C, Bantchev M, Falcone RA Jr, Moody S, Hartman HA, Evans E, Thakkar R, Patterson KN, Minneci PC, Mak GZ, Slidell MB, Johnson M, Landman MP, Markel TA, Leys CM, Cherney Stafford L, Draper J, Foley DS, Downard C, Skaggs TM, Lal DR, Gourlay D, Ehrlich PF. Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in High-Risk Pediatric Trauma Patients. JAMA Surg. 2024 Oct 1;159(10):1149-1156. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2024.2487. PMID: 39083300; PMCID: PMC11292570.

In this session from the 12th Annual Update Course in Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Jill Larson from Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital outlines key strategies for preventing and managing the most common pediatric fractures—just in time for the seasonal surge.

Key Highlights:

• Timing of fractures: Fracture season peaks in spring, summer, and surprisingly, October—timing your prevention efforts matters

• Top five fracture types: Wrist, ankle, elbow, forearm, and tibia fractures are the most common injuries treated in pediatric orthopedics.

• What to treat—and how: Dr. Larson explains which fractures can be managed conservatively (e.g., buckle or greenstick) and which may need surgery (e.g., displaced triplane fractures).

• Casting and immobilization tips: Includes guidance on when to splint, when to cast, and how long to monitor growth plate–involved injuries.

• Injury prevention insights: From trampoline accidents to lawnmower-related trauma, this session covers key safety risks and how to address them proactively.

• Nutrition and bone health: Vitamin D deficiency and obesity are contributing factors—highlighting the need for a holistic approach to fracture prevention.

This session provides practical, seasonal insights for pediatric providers—and equips teams with the knowledge to protect growing bones before peak fracture months arrive.

In this session from the 12th Annual Update Course in Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Bhargava Mullapudi (Children’s Mercy Kansas City) presents updated strategies in Wilms tumor management, exploring how tumor biology and global guidelines are shaping decisions on surgery vs chemotherapy first.

Key Highlights:

• COG vs SIOP Guidelines: North American centers (COG) typically favor primary surgery, while European protocols (SIOP) begin with chemotherapy—highlighting major global practice differences.
• Impact of Tumor Genetics: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosomes 1p and 16q, as well as gain of 1q, influence chemotherapy decisions even in lower-stage disease.
• Staging and Size Aren’t Enough: While age and tumor weight are considered, biological markers ultimately guide treatment, challenging simplified “under 2 years / under 550g” rules.
• Shifting Practice Patterns: Even for Stage I tumors, presence of LOH may justify adding chemotherapy, depending on evolving Children’s Oncology Group recommendations.
• Pathology-Informed Protocols: Surgeons must often pause for biological profiling before placing ports or initiating adjuvant therapy.

This presentation underscores the importance of precision medicine in Wilms tumor care—and how treatment pathways increasingly rely on molecular markers, not just stage and weight.

In this session from the 12th Annual Update Course in Pediatric Surgery, Drs. Rebecca Stark and Steven Lee from Seattle Children’s Hospital walk through the timing, technique, and evolving protocols for performing ECMO and surgical repair in cases of severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Key Highlights:

• VA ECMO with bivalirudin: The presenters advocate for bivalirudin as a preferred anticoagulant over heparin due to its short half-life, predictable response, and ease of control—making it ideal for ECMO patients requiring surgery.
• Dilute thrombin time for monitoring: They highlight a lab-friendly technique for monitoring bivalirudin using dilute thrombin time—5x more specific and sensitive than PTT and easily implementable in any lab.
• Safe and timely surgical repair on ECMO: Early CDH repair (within 8–24 hours of ECMO initiation) can be performed with minimal bleeding and less tissue edema when using bivalirudin and meticulous technique.
• Institutional buy-in for early repair: The team underscores the importance of cross-disciplinary collaboration—including neonatologists, anesthesiologists, and weekend OR availability—to enable early ECMO repair protocols.
• Risk-stratified vs early repair strategy: Some centers risk-stratify ECMO patients, but Stark and Lee favor universal early repair to avoid complications associated with delayed surgery in non-weanable patients.
• Evolving national practices: As of this year, over 80% of CDH Study Group centers are now performing early repair on ECMO—showing how rapidly clinical protocols can shift with strong supporting data.

This session emphasizes the role of proactive planning, team-based decision-making, and flexible protocol development in improving outcomes for neonates with severe CDH requiring ECMO.

In this session from the 12th Annual Update Course in Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Margaret Mutch from Australia walks through the complexities of chest wall reconstruction following thoracic osteosarcoma resection in a pediatric patient.

Key Highlights:

• Massive resection and reconstruction: A 14-year-old patient underwent an aggressive en bloc resection involving ribs 4–7 and vertebral bodies T4–T7. The team used a combination of resorbable molded plates, Permacol mesh, and Gore-Tex patches to stabilize and recreate the chest wall structure.

• Soft tissue closure with latissimus flap: A latissimus dorsi flap was mobilized for robust coverage, reducing dead space and supporting tissue healing over the reconstructed area.

• Use of ROLL technique for lymph node excision: The team employed radio-guided occult lesion localization (ROLL) using Technetium-99 to precisely identify and remove targeted lymph nodes.

• Managing early complications: Postoperative challenges included sterile seromas, a wound infection, and mild scoliosis—all managed conservatively with good outcomes.

• Addressing recurrence and reoperation: When local recurrence occurred 18 months later, a second reconstruction involving the sternum and cement mesh was required, illustrating the long-term complexity of these cases.

• Future outlook for pediatric reconstructions: Dr. Mutch emphasized the lack of standardization in pediatric materials and techniques, pointing toward a future where custom 3D-printed implants and biologics may offer better long-term solutions.

This session highlights the surgical precision, interdisciplinary coordination, and resilience required to manage large-scale reconstructions in growing children—where both oncologic control and functional outcomes must be balanced.

We are back with another episode of our Journal of Pediatric Surgery article review podcast. This time we have three publications from the second quarter of 2025, April, May and June issues. This time we're talking to editors Drs. George Holcomb III, Alana Beres and Shaun Kunisaki joined by authors Drs. Eric Skarsgard, Amanpreet Brar, Anoosha Moturu and Derek Wakeman.

Host: Em Gootee, MD

Articles:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39826297/

Shieh HF, Jennings RW, Hamilton TE, Izadi S, Zendejas B, Smithers CJ. Tracheobronchopexy to Avoid Tracheostomy in Esophageal Atresia Patients With Severe Life-Threatening Tracheobronchomalacia. J Pediatr Surg. 2025 Apr;60(4):162152. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.162152. Epub 2025 Jan 3. PMID: 39826297.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39865003/

Brar A, Gow KW, Skarsgard ED. Pediatric Surgical Outreach: An Underutilized Resource for Increasing Children's Surgical Capacity in Canada. J Pediatr Surg. 2025 May;60(5):162174. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2025.162174. Epub 2025 Jan 19. PMID: 39865003.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39743432/

Moturu A, Coleman M, Mets C, Thompson V, Grant C, Ko CY, Saito JM, Berman L, Wakeman D. Identifying Quality Improvement Targets After Pediatric Gastrostomy Tube Insertion: A NSQIP-Pediatric Pilot Study. J Pediatr Surg. 2025 Jun;60(6):162107. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.162107. Epub 2024 Dec 17. PMID: 39743432.

In this session from the 12th Annual Update Course in Pediatric Surgery, Drs. Rebecca Stark and Steven Lee from Seattle Children’s Hospital walk through the timing, technique, and controversies surrounding ECMO in severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) cases.

Key Highlights:

• VV vs VA ECMO: While venovenous (VV) ECMO is gaining traction with improved cannulas, venoarterial (VA) ECMO remains the predominant choice for most centers treating CDH.
• When to initiate ECMO: Early intervention is often favored in high-risk CDH cases, especially when prenatal imaging suggests severe compromise.
• SPHERE protocol in decision-making: A structured approach from Michigan offers criteria for ECMO vs comfort care, but outcome prediction remains unreliable—50% of decisions based on early data may be incorrect.
• Controversy in selection: Dr. Stark advocates for offering ECMO to all infants with isolated unilateral CDH, emphasizing the importance of treating every case as a potential survivor.
• Role of prenatal counseling: Early, transparent discussions with families are critical for navigating high-stakes decisions and aligning on care pathways.

This session underscores both the technical and ethical complexity in managing severe CDH—and the need for thoughtful protocols paired with clinical flexibility.

In this session from the 12th Annual Update Course in Pediatric Surgery, Drs. David Vitale, Luke Neff, and Jeffrey Ponsky explore strategies for preventing gallstone pancreatitis in pediatric patients with biliary stones. This session is classified as a Green Circle (established practice).

Key Highlights:

• Managing complex cases: When to use conservative management with antibiotics for neutropenic, thrombocytopenic patients.
• Gallstone pancreatitis: How to differentiate management from typical choledocholithiasis cases.
• Timing of cholecystectomy: Why surgery should be based on clinical improvement rather than complete biochemical normalization.
• ERCP and IOC coordination: Determining when early ERCP is necessary and incorporating intraoperative cholangiograms for safe stone clearance.
• Clinical judgment matters: How local resources and patient-specific factors shape decision-making.

This session emphasizes balancing early intervention with patient safety and tailoring care to individual circumstances.

Welcome to the 12th Annual Update Course in Pediatric Surgery recap series, hosted by Dr. Em Gootee from Cincinnati Children’s Hospital. In this Green Circle (established practice) session, Drs. David Vitale, Luke Neff, and Jeff Ponsky explore the “surgery-first” approach to pediatric biliary stone disease, highlighting the growing prevalence of choledocholithiasis in children and the evolving strategies to manage it effectively.

Key Highlights:

• Surgery-First vs. ERCP-First: The panel compares the two main management strategies: ERCP followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) and stone removal.
• Practice-Based Decision Making: Experts emphasize that choice depends on surgeon skill, institutional resources, and the ability to perform IOC effectively.
• Clinical Evidence: Studies show an 86–90% success rate for ductal clearance using a surgery-first approach with IOC and flushing—offering a safe, resource-efficient option that minimizes ERCP-associated risks like pancreatitis.
• Learning Curve & Equipment: Surgeons are encouraged to become more comfortable with intraoperative stone removal techniques. Having a prepared kit and standardized workflow is key to success.
• ERCP Complications: While ERCP is effective, it carries a ~10% risk of complications including cholangitis and pancreatitis—making intraoperative solutions appealing when feasible.

This session underscores a shift toward empowering surgeons with tools and confidence to manage choledocholithiasis directly in the OR, improving outcomes and optimizing resource utilization across institutions.

In this 2024 Update Course Rewind, pediatric surgeon Dr. John DiFiore shares new insights into the growing use of cryoanalgesia for pectus excavatum repairs. Classified as a “Blue Square” practice—indicating a promising newer technique—this approach provides targeted nerve pain relief with less opioid use, better precision, and shorter hospital stays.

Key Highlights:

• What is Cryoanalgesia? A minimally invasive nerve freezing technique used to reduce chest wall pain during pectus repair.
• Technique Deep Dive: From double-lumen tubes to improved cryoprobes, learn how to perform blocks from T3–T8 with precision.
• Time-Saving Tools: New cryoprobes offer faster freeze cycles and better insulation, cutting procedure time nearly in half.
• Clinical Outcomes: Lower pain scores, next-day discharges, and potential to further improve outcomes with dual freeze points.
• Barriers & Workarounds: Addressing the main challenges of cost, equipment access, and proper training.

Whether you're currently using cryo or just considering it, this session is packed with pearls for improving postoperative pain control in pediatric patients.