There have been a lot of conversations about soil water content and surface hardness (firmness). I discuss some measurements that I have made, and suggest some of the old posts on the ATC website that discuss this topic.

Specific posts discussed include:

• https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/measuring-surface-hardness-on-greens-fairways-and-approaches/
• https://www.asianturfgrass.com/post/relationship-between-soil-water-and-turfgrass-surface-hardness/
• https://www.asianturfgrass.com/tag/surface-hardness/

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