The Beyond Tomorrow Podcast with Julian Issa

What happens when millions of people hand their lives to AI agents, and nobody has built the rules of the road?

This episode is brought to you by AgelessRx, where aging becomes a puzzle that can be solved. The mission is to help you live longer and healthier by adding more life to your years through science-backed solutions and personalized care. Learn more at agelessrx.com/beyond-tomorrow.

MIT Media Lab professor Ramesh Raskar argues the real danger isn't the AI engine, it's agents with no governance. His case: decentralize AI so billions of people run their own agents, and build the licences, inspections and audit trails agents need, instead of trusting a few labs to make the engine safe. His P(doom) has fallen from 90% to under 10%.

The conversation covers what an AI agent actually is, personal agents like Dot, Muse, Instinct and CC, the DRIVE framework for gradually trusting an agent, why there's no such thing as "zero-shot AGI," the OpenAI and Hugging Face incident, prompt injection, and the shift from an attention economy to an intention economy. One question runs through it all: can we get the benefits of AI agents without handing control to a handful of companies, or to the agents themselves? Ramesh's answer: don't just build better engines, build the roads, the rules and the governance.

Key Takeaways

• An agent is an LLM in a loop with tools: the LLM is the engine, the agent is the car, the internet is the road.

• Build trust with DRIVE (Discover, Request, Instruct, Venture, Execute), and start with reversible tasks, no credit cards.

• Decentralized agents shrink the blast radius, which is why Ramesh's P(doom) has dropped sharply.

• Cost is the bottleneck: running an agent per user costs far more than serving a social media user, so expect revenue-share deals.

• Prompt injection is the top risk because LLMs can't separate commands from content. Agents need licences, inspection stickers and audit trails.

About Ramesh Raskar

Ramesh Raskar is a professor at the MIT Media Lab, where he works on decentralized AI and the Internet of Agents. His research focuses on how personal AI agents can be built so power stays distributed instead of concentrated in a few companies.

⏱ Timestamps

00:00  Intro

00:00 Why AI Is Moving So Fast: The Intelligence Economy

01:27 What Is an AI Agent, Really?

04:00 Ramesh's P(Doom) Update

05:46 Is Decentralized AI Safer Than Centralized AI?

09:54 How to Use Personal AI Agents (Dot, Muse, Instinct)

13:35 Will AI Agents Become the New Super App?

17:44 The Agentic Web Explained

20:14 Can Personal Superintelligence Exist?

25:17 A Model That Learns How to Learn Everything

29:19 AI Literacy: What to Do If You're Not Using AI

31:16 From OpenClaw to Muse

36:25 It's Not About Bigger Models, It's About Better Agents

37:51 Road Safety Rules for AI Agents

42:58 What a Safe Agentic World Looks Like

44:23 Surfing the Web With AI Agents

48:44 Voice, Screens or Taps? The Future of Agent Interfaces

50:05 Where Will AI Agents Be in One Year?

53:00 The Best Advice on Agent Autonomy

55:12 The Best Things AI Agents Can Do Today

57:12 Prompt Injection: The Command vs Content Problem

01:03:35 If Tomorrow was Your Last Day...

Resources & Mentions

Muse (Meta): https://muse.ai 

Dots (OpenAI): https://siliconangle.com/2026/09/29/openai-launches-dots-always-on-ai-agents-in-chatgpt-with-their-own-cloud-computers/ 

OpenClaw: https://openclaw.ai 

Hermes Agent (Nous Research): https://hermes-agent.nousresearch.com/docs/ 

Connect with Ramesh: 

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/raskar   

MIT Media Lab: https://www.media.mit.edu/people/raskar/overview/ 

Connect with Julian

Instagram: @thebeyondtomorrowpodcast / @juliankissa

LinkedIn: julian-issa

X: @juliankissa

Website: www.beyondtomorrowpodcast.com 

Email: [email protected] 

Watch the full episode on YouTube, or catch it on Spotify and Apple Podcasts. For more conversations from the edge of what's possible, sign up for updates here.

AI safety researcher Roman Yampolskiy breaks down his P(doom) estimate and why he believes artificial superintelligence could be a death sentence for humanity if development keeps moving this fast. His warning isn't anti-AI — it's a case for keeping AI as a tool we control, not a replacement for human judgment.

Watch the full episode: https://open.spotify.com/episode/2R7oKzVSOWTR5079TYrZsg?si=302dfca33e9f4c04

Is "AI is dangerous" a warning, or the world's best marketing line?

This episode is brought to you by AgelessRx, where aging becomes a puzzle that can be solved. The mission is to help you live longer and healthier by adding more life to your years through science-backed solutions and personalized care. Learn more at agelessrx.com/beyond-tomorrow.

On this episode of Beyond Tomorrow, I sit down with Thore Graepel, co-creator of AlphaGo and former researcher at Google DeepMind. I asked him straight up how close we are to superintelligence, and his answer surprised me: there won't be a single moment we can point to, and he argues human organizations like companies already count as a form of superintelligence. We get into why he thinks "AI will destroy humanity" is the biggest myth in the field, the near-term risks he does take seriously, and why I pushed him on the incentives behind the AI safety messaging coming from the labs.

From there we go deep on his core technical argument: that today's transformers are black boxes that mix knowledge and reasoning in the same weights, and that scaling alone will never make them trustworthy. He lays out a different approach built on explicit beliefs, hypotheses and evidence, and I found it one of the clearest explanations of AI transparency I've heard. In the back half, we talk about his time at Altos Labs, why biology is a reality check for the "cure all disease in 10 years" claims, and his cell annealing theory of rejuvenation.

Key Takeaways

• Thore sees AI progress as a "jagged frontier," not a single superintelligence moment, and by his own definition, AGI is already here

• He argues companies and institutions are already a form of superintelligence

• His P(doom) is very low: extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, and he doesn't see it

  
  

About Thore Graepel

Thore Graepel is a computer scientist and AI researcher who recently left Google DeepMind, where he was a co-creator of AlphaGo and worked on multi-agent systems, reasoning and consciousness research. He has also spent time at Altos Labs, applying his machine learning and physics background to cellular rejuvenation, and writes about AI, reasoning and safety on Substack.

⏱ Timestamps

00:00  Intro

00:06 How Close Are We to Superintelligence?

01:42 Are Human Organizations Already Superintelligent?

02:56 Is Anyone Trying to Destroy Humanity?

04:45 Near-Term Risks: Jobs and the Economy

08:08 Why the Transition Will Be Hard

10:06 Post-AGI Planning and the Case for Positive Futures

14:35 Capability vs. Diffusion: The Train Driver Problem

16:46 Optimization vs. Game Theory

18:53 The Incentives Behind AI Safety Messaging

22:26 What Is Thore's P(doom)?

23:25 Why Transformers Are Black Boxes

29:19 How Do We Build Safer, More Transparent AI?

33:01 Separating Knowledge From Reasoning

37:39 Safety vs. Capability and the Trust Ceiling

39:45 Narrow AI vs. General AI

44:02 Do You Believe in God?

47:15 Consciousness and Whether LLMs Are Alive

51:08 AlphaGo and Move 37

58:29 Credit Assignment and Moral Reasoning

01:04:31 Who Sets the Moral Guardrails?

01:09:37 The AGI Race: US vs. China

01:11:53 Longevity and Altos Labs

01:16:01 The Biology Reality Check

01:23:04 Pockets of Computability and AlphaFold

01:26:05 Yamanaka Factors and Cell Annealing

01:35:51 Will the Singularity Happen in Your Lifetime?

01:36:49 Rapid Fire Questions with Thore

01:41:35 Thore's Best Piece of Advice

Resources & Mentions

AlphaGo and AlphaFold (Google DeepMind)

Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman

Altos Labs

Stephen Wolfram's "pockets of computability"

David Deutsch on simulation and the limits of experiment

Thore's Substack 

Connect with Thore: 

Github: https://thoregraepel.github.io/ 

LinkedIn: https://uk.linkedin.com/in/thoregraepel 

X: https://x.com/ThoreG 

Connect with Julian

Instagram: @thebeyondtomorrowpodcast / @juliankissa

LinkedIn: julian-issa

X: @juliankissa

Website: www.beyondtomorrowpodcast.com 

Email: [email protected] 

What if vanity was actually the smart way into a longer, healthier life?

This episode is brought to you by AgelessRx, where aging becomes a puzzle that can be solved. Their mission is to help you live longer and healthier by adding more life to your years through science-backed solutions and personalized care. Learn more at agelessrx.com/beyond-tomorrow.

On this episode of Beyond Tomorrow, Dr. Mike Israetel breaks down what's actually happening in his own bloodstream: 5mg/week of tirzepatide year-round, plus retatrutide during fat-loss phases, and why he thinks “GLP-2” is a gray-market marketing term with no basis in real receptor biology.

He walks through the non-weight-loss case for these drugs, reduced systemic and neural inflammation, better glucose control, emerging anti-cancer data, and a documented drop in addictive behaviors from gambling to alcohol to cigarettes, before getting honest about the tradeoffs: undernutrition, anhedonia, and a long-term data set that, by his own admission, will never be “complete enough” for some critics.

From there the conversation moves into gray-market peptides, why Mike separates his own risk tolerance from what he'd recommend to the public, and why there currently isn't a single peptide he'd recommend for muscle growth despite the demand. The back half covers his real thesis: that appearance, not health, is the most reliable motivator most people actually respond to and that chasing it tends to produce the same outcomes doctors have failed for decades to sell through fear.

Key Takeaways

Mike takes tirzepatide (Zepbound/Mounjaro) year-round at 5mg/week and adds retatrutide during cutting phases, both well within studied dose ranges

He argues most GLP-1 “anhedonia” is caloric-deficit anhedonia, not a direct drug effect, the same thing bodybuilders experience on any aggressive diet

New aggregate mortality data shows older adults on GLP-1s die less than those who aren't, which he says partially answers the “but will it kill you later” question

There is currently no peptide he'd recommend for muscle growth, a claim he says consistently disappoints people who ask

His core argument: use appearance as the entry point (build muscle, lose fat, sleep better) and let the longevity benefits follow, rather than trying to motivate people with 30-years-out health outcomes

Timestamps

00:00 Intro

00:10 Is GLP-1 a Bad Idea?

08:55 The Seatbelt Analogy for Drugs

10:30 The Peptide That's Not FDA-Approved Yet

11:30 Exactly What Mike Takes Every Week

13:59 Stacking Peptides: an N-of-1 Experiment

15:11 Why Mike Takes Anabolic Steroids

16:42 The Drug That Could Replace Steroids

18:48 Why Mike Takes Tirzepatide and Retatrutide

21:45 20-Year Life Extension

25:34 Mike's Full Daily Stack

30:47 The Looksmaxxing Trojan Horse

35:35 Sick Care vs. Health Care

38:14 Three Exercises You Can Do Today

40:36 Critiquing Brian Johnson's Protocol

43:31 Is There a One-Size-Fits-All Workout?

46:06 Zone 2 vs. Zone 5 Training

52:21 Why Most Biohacking Is a Waste of Money

54:01 Is HIIT Still the Rage?

57:09 Escaping Poverty, Fueling Success

01:04:53 Why People Take Extreme Measures to Look Good

01:08:24 Moving Past GLP-1

01:14:52 Everyone Will Look 22 by 2037

01:18:24 Would You Date a 90-Year-Old?

01:24:52 Beauty Standards in a Post-GLP-1 World

01:25:37 The Cybernetic Revolution

01:28:25 Living Forever in a Robot Body

01:36:29 Will AI Cause Human Extinction?

01:43:28 The Biggest Myth About Weight Loss

01:44:02 Rapid Fire Questions with Mike

01:48:06 Mike's Best Piece of Advice

Connect with Mike:

Website: rpstrength.com/

Facebook: facebook.com/michael.israetel

Instagram: @drmikeisraetel

X: @misraetel

Connect with Julian

Instagram: @thebeyondtomorrowpodcast / @juliankissa

LinkedIn: julian-issa

X: @juliankissa

Website: www.beyondtomorrowpodcast.com

Email: [email protected]

What happens when the technology we build becomes smarter than the people who built it?

This episode is brought to you by AgelessRx, where aging becomes a puzzle that can be solved. The mission is to help you live longer and healthier by adding more life to your years through science-backed solutions and personalized care. Learn more at http://agelessrx.com/beyond-tomorrow

AI safety researcher Roman Yampolskiy argues the real danger isn't AI, it's building a superintelligence we can no longer control. His case: solve problems with narrow, powerful tools instead, and still get breakthroughs in medicine, science, and productivity, without that risk.

The conversation covers AGI, recursive self-improvement, the singularity, and the existential and "suffering" risks they raise, plus what mass automation could mean for work and purpose.

From international AI agreements to human longevity, one question runs through it all: can we get the benefits of advanced AI without losing control of it? Yampolskiy's answer: keep building tools, not our replacement.

Roman Yampolskiy is an AI safety researcher and professor who studies the risks and implications of artificial intelligence. His work focuses on the challenge of controlling increasingly capable AI systems and the potential consequences of superintelligence.

Roman’s book, AI: Unexplainable, Unpredictable, Uncontrollable, explores the various reasons why the field is so challenging.

⏱ Timestamps

00:00 Intro

00:43 Can We Build AI By Design to Avoid Catastrophe?

01:49 AI Superintelligence Is a Death Sentence

03:12 What Is AGI, Really?

04:26 OpenAI's Plan to Build an Internal AGI

04:59 Why Superintelligence Won't Care About Us

06:45 We're Going to Die Anyway... So What?

07:06 We Can't Control Something This Advanced

07:55 The Narrow Tools That Avoid AGI

09:34 The US vs China AI Race

10:47 Does China Actually Want to Stop AGI?

11:53 AGI Is a Spectrum, Not a Switch

12:22 Is Roman Selling the Doom Narrative?

14:13 How to Stop AGI From Escaping the Box

16:26 Building AI We Can't Control

18:05 Suffering Risks: The Worst-Case Scenario

20:09 The Two Types of Jobs

22:09 What Happens to the 90% Who Lose Their Jobs?

23:46 Nothing Makes AI Labs Stop

24:26 Building Something You Can't Control

26:06 Do You Believe in God?

29:28 Longevity Escape Velocity Without AGI

30:55 Is Suffering Necessary for the Human Story?

31:33 Are We Living in a Simulation?

32:12 You Can't Control Superintelligence

33:24 Is Our Life a Simulation?

35:05 Curing Aging With Narrow AI Tools

36:10 What Is an NPC?

36:37 Could Humans Cause Doom Before AI Does?

37:21 How to Break Out of a Simulation

39:14 Would You Live Forever in a Simulation?

40:01 Don't Build Superintelligence

41:50 Bostrom's Singleton Theory

43:17 "AI Is Massively Overhyped"

44:56 Would AI Doom Be Worse Than World War 3?

45:41 Who Should You Actually Be Listening To?

47:43 What Would a Perfect Simulation Look Like?

50:52 Solving Longevity Without AI

52:03 Our Limited Understanding of Human Biology

52:40 What Makes Roman Happy?

53:48 Signs Governments Are Waking Up

55:14 "Is AI Just a Con?"

56:53 Can Squirrels Control Humans?

58:27 Decide What to Do With Your Time

59:22 What About Ilya Sutskever?

01:00:13 The Responsible Use of Technology

01:00:46 If Tomorrow is Your Last Day...

Connect with Roman: 

Website: https://www.romanyampolskiy.com/ 

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/roman.yampolskiy/ 

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/romanyam/ 

X: https://x.com/romanyam 

Connect with Julian

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thebeyondtomorrowpodcast/  

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/juliankissa/  

LinkedIn: https://uk.linkedin.com/in/julian-issa  

Website: www.beyondtomorrowpodcast.com 

Email: [email protected] 

Get exciting updates from The Beyond Tomorrow Podcast here: https://dlogos.xyz/podcasts/the-beyond-tomorrow-podcast-with-julian-issa-7bf16e9d

Let's get into the rapidly evolving future of longevity, from the moment society finally believes aging is solvable to the possibility of humans routinely living far beyond today’s lifespan — even approaching 150 years. Matt Kaeberlein, Aubrey de Grey, and Gordan Lauc explore how breakthroughs in aging science could also extend the lives of companion animals, while exposing how bad science and misallocated resources continue to slow meaningful progress. It’s a grounded, forward-looking discussion on what true longevity innovation requires.

Watch the full episode here: https://open.spotify.com/episode/1Rmtl7sqoFOWolXWV6O22U?si=cd176f6a28404b4d

Could an AI actually run the country better than a person could?

This episode is brought to you by AgelessRx, where aging becomes a puzzle that can be solved. The mission is to help you live longer and healthier by adding more life to your years through science-backed solutions and personalized care. Learn more at http://agelessrx.com/beyond-tomorrow

David Eagleman doesn't shy away from the question. He lays out the case for an AI president, one that could crunch more data than any human cabinet, sidestep the ego and grudges that shape so many political decisions, and maybe even out-think our worst instincts.

Sounds great, until you ask the harder questions. Who writes the code that decides what "the greater good" means? Can a machine actually be moral, or just really good at faking it? And if an AI ever did hold real power, who's holding the leash?

We get into all of it: democracy, tribalism, consciousness, and how close we actually are to AGI. David doesn't pretend to have it all figured out but he makes a compelling case that the ground is shifting faster than most of us realize.

David Eagleman is a neuroscientist at Stanford University and an internationally bestselling author. He is co-founder of several neurotech companies, including Jojo, BrainCheck, and Neosensory, and he also directs the Center for Science and Law, a national non-profit institute. He is best known for his work on sensory substitution, time perception, brain plasticity, synesthesia, and neurolaw.

⏱ Timestamps

00:00 Intro

00:05 Are We in the Middle of AGI?

03:26 AI’s Greatest Advantage

04:25 The Case for a Utilitarian AI President

07:16 Who Defines AI’s Parameters?

09:06 The Danger of Politically Biased AI

11:49 Behind the Scenes

12:33 Are We Ready for an AI President?

14:41 What Should an AI Government Optimize For?

18:31 How Soon Could We Have an AI President?

22:24 The Trolley Problem and AI Morality

27:54 What Happens When Humans Have Too Much Free Time?

29:07 The Neuroscience of Tribalism

30:13 The Neural Basis of Empathy

31:24 Why We’re Wired for Us vs. Them

32:43 Can AI Become Conscious?

33:51 Could AI Eradicate Humanity?

35:51 Artificial Wisdom and AI Guardrails

38:57 AGI Is Already Happening

41:22 An AI President in Our Lifetime

43:26 The Biggest Fear About AI

Connect with David: 

Website: https://eagleman.com/ 

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/David.M.Eagleman 

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/davideagleman/ 

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/davideagleman 

X: https://x.com/davideagleman 

TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@drdavideagleman

Connect with Julian

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thebeyondtomorrowpodcast/  

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/juliankissa/  

LinkedIn: https://uk.linkedin.com/in/julian-issa  

Website: www.beyondtomorrowpodcast.com 

Email: [email protected] 

Subscribe on Spotify, Apple, and YouTube for more stories from the edge of what is possible.

What if immortality didn’t arrive as a single breakthrough but quietly, step by step?In this clip, George Church explains the idea of “longevity escape velocity”: the point where medical progress extends life faster than we age. If each generation of therapies buys us more time to develop the next, the path to dramatically longer lives or even practical immortality may already have begun.Watch the full episode here: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0c2x5fNYLSzvvfIil3c7WK?si=854bb724225e4136

What if the Singularity isn’t coming but already here?

This episode is brought to you by AgelessRx, where aging becomes a puzzle that can be solved. The mission is to help you live longer and healthier by adding more life to your years through science-backed solutions and personalized care. Learn more at http://agelessrx.com/beyond-tomorrow

AI is accelerating breakthroughs across science, medicine, and technology at a pace once considered impossible. Peter Diamandis believes the next 5–10 years could redefine what humanity can achieve.

Yet AI’s promise is competing with fear, disruption, and dystopian narratives. The challenge is not only building the future, but shaping how people imagine it.

For Peter Diamandis, the answer is actionable optimism: identify the risks, believe they can be solved, and pursue the biggest moonshots. Longevity, education, and space could become the foundations of a radically different future.

Peter Diamandis is an entrepreneur, physician, and founder of XPRIZE and Singularity University. He is a leading advocate for moonshot thinking and breakthrough technologies.

⏱ Timestamps

00:00 Intro

00:10 The Blinding Speed of Change

02:06 A Future Where Anything Is Possible

04:06 Why Is the West Afraid of AI?

08:39 Why Fear AI?

10:23 AGI Is Already Here

11:37 Blind Optimism vs. Actionable Optimism

13:01 The Next Great Moonshot

14:01 The Rise of an Alien-Looking Economy

15:10 Who Will Win the XPRIZE?

15:46 If Tomorrow Was Your Last Day...

Connect with Peter: 

Website: https://www.diamandis.com/ 

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PeterDiamandis/

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/peterdiamandis/

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/peterdiamandis

X: https://x.com/peterdiamandis

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@peterdiamandis 

Connect with Julian

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thebeyondtomorrowpodcast/  

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/juliankissa/  

LinkedIn: https://uk.linkedin.com/in/julian-issa  

Website: www.beyondtomorrowpodcast.com 

Email: [email protected] 

Subscribe on Spotify, Apple, and YouTube for more stories from the edge of what is possible.

Are large language models like ChatGPT and Claude enough to create AGI?In this clip, Ben Goertzel explains why today’s LLMs are incredibly powerful, but still fundamentally different from true artificial general intelligence.He argues that simply building a bigger version of ChatGPT or Claude is unlikely to produce human-level AGI. Instead, reaching AGI will require new AI architectures that can go beyond their training, generalize to unfamiliar problems and make genuinely novel leaps in reasoning.Ben also explains why current models can already outperform humans in areas like coding, mathematics and knowledge retrieval, while still struggling with the kind of imagination and general intelligence humans use to push beyond existing knowledge.

Full episode here: https://open.spotify.com/episode/7wGN1x0vQQgdzoktHipqBK?si=454702357d55415e