In this episode, Prof Chapman marks a remarkable milestone — the 500th episode of his fertility podcast. Reflecting on decades of helping couples conceive, he shares insights into one of the most common yet misunderstood fertility conditions: polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Prof Chapman explains the hormonal imbalances behind PCOS, how medications like Clomiphene and Letrozole can restore ovulation, and why many women with this condition can conceive naturally — often without IVF. A powerful, hopeful conversation grounded in science, experience, and compassion for those navigating the fertility journey.