The Law School Toolbox Podcast: Tools for Law Students from 1L to the Bar Exam, and Beyond

Welcome back to the Law School Toolbox podcast! Today, in our "Listen and Learn" series, we're discussing the standards for admitting witness testimony, which are found in the rules of Evidence.

In this episode we discuss:

• Who can be a lay witness?
• The instances in which lay witnesses can offer opinion testimony
• When is expert witness testimony permitted at trial?
• Factors used to determine the reliability of an expert's testimony
• Analyzing two hypos from previous California bar exams

Resources:

• "Listen and Learn" series (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/law-school-toolbox-podcast-substantive-law-topics/#listen-learn)
• California Bar Examination – Essay Questions and Selected Answers, February 2012 (https://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/admissions/CBXFeb2012_SelectedAnswers_R.pdf)
• California Bar Examination – Essay Questions and Selected Answers, February 2019 (https://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/admissions/Examinations/Feb2019_CBX_SelectedAnswers.EssayQuestions_R.pdf)

Download the Transcript (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/episode-328-listen-and-learn-expert-vs-lay-witness-testimony-evidence/)

If you enjoy the podcast, we'd love a nice review and/or rating on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/law-school-toolbox-podcast/id1027603976) or your favorite listening app. And feel free to reach out to us directly. You can always reach us via the contact form on the Law School Toolbox website (http://lawschooltoolbox.com/contact). If you're concerned about the bar exam, check out our sister site, the Bar Exam Toolbox (http://barexamtoolbox.com/). You can also sign up for our weekly podcast newsletter (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/get-law-school-podcast-updates/) to make sure you never miss an episode!

Thanks for listening!

Alison & Lee

Welcome back to the Law School Toolbox podcast! Today we have ex-BigLaw recruiter Sadie Jones back with us to talk about the "dos" and "don'ts" of the job search process, including applying for jobs, interviewing, and following up.

In this episode we discuss:

• The most common mistakes people make during on-campus interviewing
• Following the job application process outlined by a particular firm
• Things you should do to stand out and make it easier for the firm to hire you
• Preparing for the day of the interview
• How much follow-up is sufficient?
• Should you send "Thank you" notes?

Resources:

• CareerDicta (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/careerdicta/)
• NALP Directory of Legal Employers (https://www.nalpdirectory.com/)
• Law School Toolbox Podcast: Careers (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/law-school-toolbox-podcast-archive/careers/)

Download the Transcript (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/episode-327-job-search-etiquette-w-sadie-jones/)

If you enjoy the podcast, we'd love a nice review and/or rating on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/law-school-toolbox-podcast/id1027603976) or your favorite listening app. And feel free to reach out to us directly. You can always reach us via the contact form on the Law School Toolbox website (http://lawschooltoolbox.com/contact). If you're concerned about the bar exam, check out our sister site, the Bar Exam Toolbox (http://barexamtoolbox.com/). You can also sign up for our weekly podcast newsletter (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/get-law-school-podcast-updates/) to make sure you never miss an episode!

Thanks for listening!

Alison & Lee

Welcome back to the Law School Toolbox podcast! In today's episode from our "Listen and Learn" series, we go through a step-by-step approach for analyzing questions involving multiple levels of hearsay.

In this episode we discuss:

• The rule for multiple hearsay
• A review of the general rule for hearsay and how to apply it properly
• Hearsay exceptions
• A step-by-step approach for analyzing questions containing hearsay within hearsay
• Analyzing two hypos that illustrate multiple hearsay

Resources:

• "Listen and Learn" series (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/law-school-toolbox-podcast-substantive-law-topics/#listen-learn)
• California Bar Examination – Essay Questions and Selected Answers, July 2014 (https://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/admissions/gbx/July2014CBX_SelectedAnswersEssays1-6_R.pdf)
• Podcast Episode 261: Listen and Learn – The Basics of Hearsay (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-261-listen-and-learn-the-basics-of-hearsay/)
• Podcast Episode 271: Listen and Learn – Hearsay Exceptions: Present Sense Impression and State of Mind (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-271-listen-and-learn-hearsay-exceptions-present-sense-impression-and-state-of-mind/)
• Podcast Episode 296: Listen and Learn – Hearsay Exceptions: Government and Business Records (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-296-listen-and-learn-hearsay-exceptions-government-and-business-records/)
• Podcast Episode 308: Listen and Learn – More Hearsay Exceptions (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-308-listen-and-learn-more-hearsay-exceptions/)
• Podcast Episode 315: Listen and Learn – Non-Hearsay (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-315-listen-and-learn-non-hearsay/)

Download the Transcript (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/episode-326-listen-and-learn-multiple-hearsay/)

If you enjoy the podcast, we'd love a nice review and/or rating on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/law-school-toolbox-podcast/id1027603976) or your favorite listening app. And feel free to reach out to us directly. You can always reach us via the contact form on the Law School Toolbox website (http://lawschooltoolbox.com/contact). If you're concerned about the bar exam, check out our sister site, the Bar Exam Toolbox (http://barexamtoolbox.com/). You can also sign up for our weekly podcast newsletter (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/get-law-school-podcast-updates/) to make sure you never miss an episode!

Thanks for listening!

Alison & Lee

Welcome back to the Law School Toolbox podcast! Today we're focusing on Criminal Procedure, specifically the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution and the limits it imposes on police actions based on tips from anonymous informants.

In this episode we discuss:

• A review of the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
• Determining when probable cause arises for an arrest, search, or seizure
• How is a "totality of the circumstances" analysis performed?
• Going through two hypos, from the February 2004 and July 2021 California bar exams
• How to structure an answer to an essay question involving anonymous informant tips

Resources:

• "Listen and Learn" series (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/law-school-toolbox-podcast-substantive-law-topics/#listen-learn)
• California Bar Examination – Essay Questions and Selected Answers, February 2004 (https://juraxbar.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/February-2004-CBX.pdf)
• Podcast Episode 323: Listen and Learn – The Exclusionary Rule (Criminal Law and Procedure) (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-323-listen-and-learn-the-exclusionary-rule-criminal-law-and-procedure/)
• Bar Exam Toolbox Podcast Episode 141: Listen and Learn – The Fourth Amendment (https://barexamtoolbox.com/podcast-episode-141-listen-and-learn-the-fourth-amendment/)

Download the Transcript (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/episode-325-listen-and-learn-the-fourth-amendment-informer-tips/)

If you enjoy the podcast, we'd love a nice review and/or rating on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/law-school-toolbox-podcast/id1027603976) or your favorite listening app. And feel free to reach out to us directly. You can always reach us via the contact form on the Law School Toolbox website (http://lawschooltoolbox.com/contact). If you're concerned about the bar exam, check out our sister site, the Bar Exam Toolbox (http://barexamtoolbox.com/). You can also sign up for our weekly podcast newsletter (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/get-law-school-podcast-updates/) to make sure you never miss an episode!

Thanks for listening!

Alison & Lee

Welcome back to the Law School Toolbox podcast! Today we're talking with guest Sadie Jones about polishing the appearance of your resume and cover letter so they look as professional as possible, and customizing them for the job you're applying to.

In this episode we discuss:

• Editing resumes and cover letters for content
• The positioning of education versus experience on your resume
• Editing for typos and appearance
• Where to find good templates you can use
• How long is too long for a resume/cover letter?
• Getting help proofreading your materials
• What should you do if you notice a problem after something has been submitted?

Resources:

• CareerDicta (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/careerdicta/)
• Podcast Episode 12: Resume and Cover Letter Basics (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-12-resume-cover-letter-basics/)
• Podcast Episode 111: Resumes and Cover Letters (with an ex-BigLaw Recruiter) (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-111-resumes-cover-letters-ex-biglaw-recruiter/)
• Podcast Episode 127: Avoid These Resume No-Gos (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-127-avoid-resume-no-gos/)
• Podcast Episode 173: Frequently Asked Questions About Resumes and Cover Letters (w/Sadie Jones) (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-173-frequently-asked-questions-about-resumes-and-cover-letters-w-sadie-jones/)
• Podcast Episode 237: Handling Resume and Cover Letter Difficulties (w/Sadie Jones) (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-237-handling-resume-and-cover-letter-difficulties-w-sadie-jones/)
• Six Essential Cover Letter Tips for Law Students (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/six-essential-cover-letter-tips-for-law-students/)
• Building a Resume in Law School (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/building-a-resume-in-law-school/)
• Advice from a Law Recruiter, Part One: Top Tips for a Perfect Resume (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/advice-law-recruiter-part-one-resumes/)

Download the Transcript (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/episode-324-editing-your-resume-and-cover-letter-w-sadie-jones/)

If you enjoy the podcast, we'd love a nice review and/or rating on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/law-school-toolbox-podcast/id1027603976) or your favorite listening app. And feel free to reach out to us directly. You can always reach us via the contact form on the Law School Toolbox website (http://lawschooltoolbox.com/contact). If you're concerned about the bar exam, check out our sister site, the Bar Exam Toolbox (http://barexamtoolbox.com/). You can also sign up for our weekly podcast newsletter (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/get-law-school-podcast-updates/) to make sure you never miss an episode!

Thanks for listening!

Alison & Lee

Welcome back to the Law School Toolbox podcast! Today we're discussing a topic from Criminal Law and Procedure. Join us as we look at the exclusionary rule and Miranda warnings, grounded in the Fourth Amendment.

In this episode we discuss:

• A brief review of the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments
• The exclusionary rule and its related exceptions
• Statements made after a suspect has been given Miranda warnings
• Going through a hypo from the February 2018 California bar exam

Resources:

• "Listen and Learn" series (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/law-school-toolbox-podcast-substantive-law-topics/#listen-learn)
• California Bar Examination – Essay Questions and Selected Answers, February 2018 (https://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/admissions/Examinations/Feb2018_CBXSelectedAnswers_EssayQuestions.pdf)
• Podcast Episode 290: Listen and Learn – Privilege Against Self-Incrimination and Miranda Rights (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-290-listen-and-learn-privilege-against-self-incrimination-and-miranda-rights/)
• Bar Exam Toolbox Podcast Episode 141: Listen and Learn – The Fourth Amendment (https://barexamtoolbox.com/podcast-episode-141-listen-and-learn-the-fourth-amendment/)

Download the Transcript (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/episode-323-listen-and-learn-the-exclusionary-rule-criminal-law-and-procedure/)

If you enjoy the podcast, we'd love a nice review and/or rating on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/law-school-toolbox-podcast/id1027603976) or your favorite listening app. And feel free to reach out to us directly. You can always reach us via the contact form on the Law School Toolbox website (http://lawschooltoolbox.com/contact). If you're concerned about the bar exam, check out our sister site, the Bar Exam Toolbox (http://barexamtoolbox.com/). You can also sign up for our weekly podcast newsletter (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/get-law-school-podcast-updates/) to make sure you never miss an episode!

Thanks for listening!

Alison & Lee

Welcome back to the Law School Toolbox podcast! Today's episode is based on a listener's question on how to deal with the unique challenges of 3L year, such as finding the motivation to study, balancing different responsibilities, and dealing with anxieties over bar exam prep and student loans.

In this episode we discuss:

• What are some of the challenges and opportunities that show up in the final year of law school?
• Classes that make sense to take in 3L year
• Handling the job hunt or career transition process
• Starting to think about bar exam prep
• Loans and finance considerations
• Fun stuff you can do while still a student
• And finally, where to turn if you find you're really struggling?

Resources:

• Podcast Episode 61: Making the Most of Your 2L and 3L Years of Law School (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-61-making-the-most-of-your-2l-and-3l-years-of-law-school/)
• Podcast Episode 72: Seeking Accommodations in Law School and on the Bar Exam (with Dr. Jared Maloff) (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-72-seeking-accommodations-law-school-bar-exam/)
• Podcast Episode 220: More on Accommodations in Law School (w/Elizabeth Knox) (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-220-more-on-accommodations-in-law-school-w-elizabeth-knox/)
• Podcast Episode 294: Money Talk (w/Carrie Friedberg) (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-294-money-talk-w-carrie-friedberg/)
• Podcast Episode 297: The 3L Job Hunt Process (w/Sadie Jones) (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-297-the-3l-job-hunt-process-w-sadie-jones/)
• Bar Exam Toolbox Podcast Episode 61: Making the Most of Your Commercial Bar Review Course (https://barexamtoolbox.com/podcast-episode-61-making-the-most-of-your-commercial-bar-review-course/)
• How to Choose Courses for 2L and 3L Year (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/how-to-choose-courses-for-2l-and-3l-year/)
• Why Slacking Off During 3L Year Won't Pay Off (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/why-slacking-off-during-3l-year-wont-pay-off/)
• Seven Ways to Make the Most of Your 3L Year (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/seven-ways-make-3l-year/)
• Halfway Done with My Last Year – 3L Perspective (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/halfway-done-with-my-last-year-3l-perspective/)
• YNAB: You Need A Budget (https://www.youneedabudget.com/)

Download the Transcript (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/episode-322-keeping-motivation-strong-throughout-your-3l-year/)

If you enjoy the podcast, we'd love a nice review and/or rating on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/law-school-toolbox-podcast/id1027603976) or your favorite listening app. And feel free to reach out to us directly. You can always reach us via the contact form on the Law School Toolbox website (http://lawschooltoolbox.com/contact). If you're concerned about the bar exam, check out our sister site, the Bar Exam Toolbox (http://barexamtoolbox.com/). You can also sign up for our weekly podcast newsletter (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/get-law-school-podcast-updates/) to make sure you never miss an episode!

Thanks for listening!

Alison & Lee

Welcome back to the Law School Toolbox podcast! Today we're focusing more on Joinder, or who can and who must be party to a civil lawsuit. In particular, we look at intervention, impleader (or third-party action), and class actions. We previously covered permissive and required joinder in Bar Exam Toolbox podcast episode 145.

In this episode we discuss:

• The five types of joinder
• Intervention as a right and permissive intervention
• When impleader (or third-party action) comes up
• What is a class action?
• Examples illustrating the different types of joinder we cover in the episode

Resources:

• "Listen and Learn" series (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/law-school-toolbox-podcast-substantive-law-topics/#listen-learn)
• Podcast Episode 218: Listen and Learn – Supplemental Jurisdiction (Civ Pro) (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-218-listen-and-learn-supplemental-jurisdiction-civ-pro/)
• Podcast Episode 263: Listen and Learn – Subject Matter Jurisdiction (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-263-listen-and-learn-subject-matter-jurisdiction/)
• Podcast Episode 292: Listen and Learn – The Erie Doctrine (Civ Pro) (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-292-listen-and-learn-the-erie-doctrine-civ-pro/)
• Bar Exam Toolbox Podcast Episode 145: Listen and Learn – Permissive Joinder and Required Joinder (https://barexamtoolbox.com/podcast-episode-145-listen-and-learn-permissive-joinder-and-required-joinder/)

Download the Transcript (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/episode-321-listen-and-learn-intervention-impleader-and-class-action-lawsuits-civ-pro/)

If you enjoy the podcast, we'd love a nice review and/or rating on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/law-school-toolbox-podcast/id1027603976) or your favorite listening app. And feel free to reach out to us directly. You can always reach us via the contact form on the Law School Toolbox website (http://lawschooltoolbox.com/contact). If you're concerned about the bar exam, check out our sister site, the Bar Exam Toolbox (http://barexamtoolbox.com/). You can also sign up for our weekly podcast newsletter (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/get-law-school-podcast-updates/) to make sure you never miss an episode!

Thanks for listening!

Alison & Lee

Welcome back to the Law School Toolbox podcast! Today, we're chatting with ex-BigLaw recruiter Sadie Jones about some goals for your 1L summer job.

In this episode we discuss:

• Why a 1L summer position is important, even if it's not your dream job
• What types of jobs are most realistic for the 1L summer
• Where and when to look for summer positions
• Should you be looking to get a writing sample?
• What to do if you're struggling to find a job
• Approaching your professors and career services for help with your job search

Resources:

• CareerDicta (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/careerdicta/)
• NALP Directory of Legal Employers (https://www.nalpdirectory.com/)
• Podcast Episode 24: Job Search Basics for 1Ls (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-24-job-search-basics-1ls/)
• Podcast Episode 94: How to Succeed at Your Summer Legal Job (with Sara O'Connor) (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-94-succeed-summer-legal-job-sara-oconnor/)
• Podcast Episode 179: What to Do if You Still Don't Have a Summer Job (w/ex-BigLaw Recruiter Sadie Jones) (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-179-what-to-do-if-you-still-dont-have-a-summer-job-w-ex-biglaw-recruiter-sadie-jones/)
• Podcast Episode 232: Finding a 1L Summer Job in the Spring (w/Sadie Jones) (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-232-finding-a-1l-summer-job-in-the-spring-w-sadie-jones/)
• Podcast Episode 262: Researching Law Firms (w/Sadie Jones) (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-262-researching-law-firms-w-sadie-jones/)
• Preparing for 1L Interviews: How to Craft Your Story (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/preparing-for-1l-interviews-how-to-craft-your-story/)
• So You Want a Summer Job Abroad? (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/so-you-want-a-summer-job-abroad/)
• Tips for Finding a 1L Summer Job Late in the Game (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/tips-for-finding-a-1l-summer-job-late-in-the-game/)
• Getting a Jump Start on the 1L Summer Job Search (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/getting-a-jump-start-on-the-1l-summer-job-search/)

Download the Transcript (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/episode-320-goals-for-your-1l-summer-job-w-sadie-jones/)

If you enjoy the podcast, we'd love a nice review and/or rating on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/law-school-toolbox-podcast/id1027603976) or your favorite listening app. And feel free to reach out to us directly. You can always reach us via the contact form on the Law School Toolbox website (http://lawschooltoolbox.com/contact). If you're concerned about the bar exam, check out our sister site, the Bar Exam Toolbox (http://barexamtoolbox.com/). You can also sign up for our weekly podcast newsletter (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/get-law-school-podcast-updates/) to make sure you never miss an episode!

Thanks for listening!

Alison & Lee

Welcome back to the Law School Toolbox podcast! In today's episode, we talk about the special duties landowners and land possessors owe to people who enter their land, as well as the duties landlords owe to their tenants. Both are subtopics of Negligence under Tort Law.

In this episode we discuss:

• A general review of negligence and duty
• The duty landlords owe to tenants with respect to maintenance and latent defects
• The duty landlords owe to tenants to keep them safe from the criminal acts of third persons
• The duty landowners or possessors owe to people who enter their property -- trespassers, social guests, and invitees
• Analyzing a hypo from the February 2019 California bar exam
• The rule for attractive nuisance

Resources:

• "Listen and Learn" series (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/law-school-toolbox-podcast-substantive-law-topics/#listen-learn)
• California Bar Examination – Essay Questions and Selected Answers, February 2019 (https://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/admissions/Examinations/Feb2019_CBX_SelectedAnswers.EssayQuestions_R.pdf)
• Podcast Episode 244: Listen and Learn – Negligence Per Se (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-244-listen-and-learn-negligence-per-se/)
• Podcast Episode 257: Listen and Learn – The "Reasonable Person" Standard (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-257-listen-and-learn-the-reasonable-person-standard/)
• Podcast Episode 318: Listen and Learn – Negligence: Duties of Professionals and Children (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/podcast-episode-318-listen-and-learn-negligence-duties-of-professionals-and-children/)

Download the Transcript (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/episode-319-listen-and-learn-negligence-duties-of-landlords-owners-and-possessors-of-land/)

If you enjoy the podcast, we'd love a nice review and/or rating on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/law-school-toolbox-podcast/id1027603976) or your favorite listening app. And feel free to reach out to us directly. You can always reach us via the contact form on the Law School Toolbox website (http://lawschooltoolbox.com/contact). If you're concerned about the bar exam, check out our sister site, the Bar Exam Toolbox (http://barexamtoolbox.com/). You can also sign up for our weekly podcast newsletter (https://lawschooltoolbox.com/get-law-school-podcast-updates/) to make sure you never miss an episode!

Thanks for listening!

Alison & Lee