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The other day, one of my students asked me what would happen if he drank paint. He was joking, but it reminded me of a story of women who sometimes played around painting selves but regularly ingested microscopic bits of paint with devastating consequences. From 1917 to 1926, there was an advancement in science leading to the creation of new luminous paints. These new paints were particularly helpful with the US military in making watches that would be visible even at night. The company called these watches “Undark” I can only imagine how many hours the marketing department debated before coming up with such a brilliant name. Unfortunately, the watch didn’t quite live up to its name. While the paints did glow, the story of these watches and the people who produced them is pretty dark.

Starting in 1917, the US Radium Corporation hired a bunch of young women to paint watch faces with radium based paints that would glow in the dark. For these young women, it seemed like a great job. They were paid about 3 times what the average working woman was getting at that time, they got to work with this cool new material that glowed like something from science fiction, and the job was relatively easy. They just had to lip, dip and paint. But that first part, the lip part turned out to be a major problem. 

The women were using camel hair brushes to paint tiny details on watch faces and instrument dials. As any painter could tell you, after just a few brush strokes, the bristles start to splay requiring them to point their brush. The women working for the US Radium Corporation, and a few rival companies of that day were all told to use their mouths to point the brush. While they could have achieved similar results with water and rags, it was more efficient for the workers to simply put the brush in their mouth using their lips, teeth and tongues to get the bristles realigned. Listeners today would no doubt be horrified at the prospect of putting radioactive material into their mouths, but for the so called radium girls, it was part of the job and for many of them, it seemed like a fun perk. There are stories of the young women painting their teeth, or their nails with the radioactive paints. Of course, as the old saying goes, it’s all fun and games until someone’s jaw falls off. Unsurprisingly, it was the dentists who first noticed the health effects of radium ingestion. The radium girls developed a condition referred to as radium jaw or necrosis of the jaw which simply put means the cells in their jaws were dying from radiation poisoning and along with that teeth fell out and bones would become distorted due to tumors or even they might be left with holes in the jawbones. 

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