Checkpoint inhibitors have changed the field of oncology, as well as our understanding of autoimmunity. This episode, hosted by Leonard H. Calabrese, DO, walks us through the history of checkpoint inhibitors — from Dr. William Coley’s use of infections in cancer to the development of PD-1 inhibitors.

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• Intro :20
• In this episode with Dr. Calabrese 3:07
  • Book recommendations 4:28
  • Harnessing the power of the immune system to fight cancer 5:33
  • William Coley and a patient 6:30
  • The search for Fred Stein 11:40
  • Coley designs an experiment 13:09
  • A different strain of streptococcus 16:16
  • The beginning of cancer therapy and immunotherapy 19:18
  • Where do we go from there? 20:49

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• What about tumor immunology? 21:55
• The breakthrough 24:01
• What do immunology and checkpoints have to do with it? 26:47
• What happens when the danger signal cannot be dispatched? 34:02
• Why do we, as rheumatologists, care about this? 36:04
• CHAI and LATTE 38:49
• Check out some papers on immunopathogenesis of irAEs 40:56
• Checkpoint inhibitors for autoimmune diseases; RA and GCA 41:41
• Come back for part 2 43:00

We’d love to hear from you! Send your comments/questions to [email protected]. Follow us on Twitter @HRheuminations @AdamJBrownMD @HealioRheum @LCalabreseDO

Disclosures: Brown reports no relevant financial disclosures. Calabrese reports serving as an investigator and a consultant to Horizon Pharmaceuticals.

Leonard H. Calabrese, DO, is chief medical editor of Healio Rheumatology and director of the RJ Fasenmyer Center for Clinical Immunology at the Cleveland Clinic.