How is the synovial fluid produced? Who figured it out? It’s a ripping yarn involving corpses, cats, anti-hypertensives, steroids and streptococcus.

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• Intro :11
• Today’s episode :15
• Synovium 101 :22
• Overview of the synovium and synovial fluid 2:06
• How they figured it out? Dr. Marian Ropes 5:37
• Investigating synovial fluid 7:46
• Cows experiment and where synovial fluid comes from 11:25
• Clinical review of synovial fluid 14:57
• What’s inside the fluid? 18:54
• What makes up the fluid? 20:51
• How do things get out of the synovium? 23:19
• How are things absorbed into the synovium? 27:21
• How well do steroids get picked up systemically? 29:39
• Summary 32:30
• Thank you 34:59

Disclosures: Brown reports no relevant financial disclosures.

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References:

Edwards JC. J Anat. 1994;184:493-501.

Rhinelander FW, et al. J Clin Invest. 1939;doi:10.1172/JCI101011.

Shaffer MF, et al. J Exp Med. 1939;doi:10.1084/jem.70.3.293.

Stout A, et al. PM R. 2019;doi:10.1002/pmrj.12042.