Think Out Loud

 A new investigation by ProPublica and High Country News reveals how wealthy ranchers and corporations are profiting from federal subsidies for fees they pay to graze cattle on public land. The three-part investigation used data from the Bureau of Land Management to analyze grazing fees and identify the largest ranchers on public lands. Joining us for more details is Mark Olalde, an investigative reporter at ProPublica.

Columbia Memorial Hospital in Astoria is currently undergoing a $300 million expansion. The new facility will include a more secure foundation, a vertical tsunami evacuation staircase and other features meant to make it more resilient during a potential earthquake.

That work was supposed to be covered by a $20 million grant from the federal Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities program. But the Trump administration cancelled the program this spring, leaving projects across the country and state stranded. 

Work on the hospital is proceeding despite the loss of federal funding. Columbia Memorial CEO Erik Thorsen joins us to talk about where the project stands.

According to the AARP, one in four adults in the U.S. provides care to a spouse, relative or friend with a serious health concern. Roughly 18% of those caregivers are between the ages of 18 and 34. 

That group includes Emily Quandt, a 23-year-old Beaverton resident who put her post-college plans on hold when her mother, Angie, was diagnosed with ALS in 2022. Emily and Angie Quandt both join us to talk about the dynamics of family caregiving.

The Secure Rural Schools act has provided crucial federal funding for rural schools and counties for 25 years. But for the past two years, funding has lapsed as efforts to renew the act failed and House Republicans omitted the program’s funding from federal spending in July. Now, that funding could be reinstated.

On Tuesday, the U.S. House of Representatives voted in favor of the Secure Rural Schools Reauthorization Act, which was approved by the Senate earlier this year. The bill now heads to the president to be signed and made into law. Rep. Marie Gluesenkamp Perez, a democrat representing southwest Washington, co-lead the push for this bill. She joins us to share more.

 A recent report by the Portland City Administrator shows traffic deaths in the city have continued to fall after a spike during the COVID-19 pandemic. Are Portlanders driving differently now than they were when the streets were emptier? Are earlier state and federal investments in traffic safety now just taking shape? Nonprofit leaders and city officials agree there are multiple factors involved in the decline. But as pandemic recovery continues, and the future of Gov. Tina Kotek’s road funding bill remains unclear, it’s an open question whether the city will be able to keep the trendline down. 

We’re joined by Dana Dickman, the Vision Zero policy manager for the City of Portland, to unpack the latest data and discuss how the city is working to make roads safer. Also joining us are Sarah Iannarone, executive director of The Street Trust, and Zachary Lauritzen, executive director of Oregon Walks.

Diagnosed in 2024, Portland resident Christy Scattarella has been using her own journey with Alzheimer’s to uplift others and erase stigma surrounding the disease. She began speaking out about Alzheimer's a year after her diagnosis, and champions her “Optimist’s Guide to Alzheimer's" as a way to combat the fear and shame those with Alzheimer’s often face.

For years now, scientists have shown that daily exposure to bright light therapy, which simulates the intensity of outdoor light, can be beneficial for people with insomnia and other sleep disorders, Seasonal Affective Disorder or other forms of depression. But what if bright light therapy can help people recover from concussions or other traumatic brain injuries? And what if it can also lower the risk of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, which people with TBIs are at higher risk for? 

Scientists at Oregon Health & Science University were recently awarded a $4 million grant from the U.S. Department of Defense to explore these questions and possibly unlock more secrets about sleep and its effect on health. The OHSU researchers will recruit nearly 120 military veterans who have suffered a TBI. The participants will be given a light box to use at home for one hour each morning for four weeks. Blood samples will be drawn from participants to look for changes in markers that signal inflammation in the brain and changes in oxygen uptake in brain cells. 

MRI scans of participants’ brains will also help reveal if the bright light therapy has improved activity of the glymphatic system - a relatively recent discovery about the role of sleep in reducing toxins that can lead to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s.

Joining us for more details of the study and to share new insights about sleep science is Jonathan Elliott, assistant professor of neurology and co-director of the Sleep & Health Applied Research Program at OHSU.

Last week, President Trump attacked Somali immigrants in the nation during a Cabinet meeting, calling them “garbage” and saying that he didn’t want them in the U.S. Meanwhile, the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement is ramping up its activity in the Minneapolis metro area in Minnesota. That state is home to nearly 80,000 people of Somali descent, the largest such population in the nation. 

In Oregon, there are roughly 12 to 15,000 people of Somali descent, most of whom live in Multnomah County, according to a 2016 county report. Musse Olol emigrated from Somalia to Oregon in 1981 and is the executive director of the Somali American Council of Oregon, which he co-founded in 2011. He says fear has gripped Somalis living in the Portland metro area, even among naturalized U.S. citizens such as himself. He joins us to share his perspective and the heightened tension within the local Somali community.

Five years ago, Joseph-based pianist Seth Kinzie was awarded a Rotary Peace Fellowship to study peace and social change in Uganda. Since then, Kinzie has created the African Peacemaking Database in Ethiopia and Malawi. He has now released a new album, “Bright Violet,” with the Kinzie Steele Octet and will be performing in Portland at Holocene on Dec. 7. We talk to Kinzie and hear a performance of some of the music inspired by his travels.

When we look at the night sky, we can see the moon, stars, planets and sometimes even faraway clouds of gas and dust. All that visible matter — the stuff we can see — has a gravitational force, the same way the moon pulls on our oceans and creates the tides. But for decades, physicists have noticed something weird: There’s more gravity in the universe than we should expect. Why?

Physicists think the answer lies with dark matter, an invisible form of matter that accounts for that extra gravity they're observing. University of Washington physicist Alvaro Chavarria helped build a dark matter detector deep below the French Alps. Chavarria joins us to help demystify dark matter, how the detector works and its potential applications.