Dr. Douglas Moo is Kenneth T. Wessner Professor of New Testament in Wheaton College Graduate School and has led the Committee on Bible Translation (the group of scholars charged with revising the text of the NIV). While it is obvious that a translation must substitute one vocabulary (e.g., English) for another (e.g., Hebrew), it is not always understood that a translation must also substitute one grammar (sentence structure, or syntax) for another. It is this aspect that helps to illustrate how among English translations the ESV, NIV, and NLT represent points on a spectrum from more “formal” to more “dynamic” theoretical approaches.