Medical breakthroughs do not come without significant pains — for the patient, as well as politically. Dr. Paul A. Offit is the chief of the Division of Infectious Diseases and the director of the Vaccine Education Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and a professor of vaccinology and pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. He joins host Krys Boyd to talk about the risks medical researchers must take to develop the lifesaving therapies we rely on. His book is called “You Bet Your Life: From Blood Transfusions to Mass Vaccination, the Long and Risky History of Medical Innovation.”