In 2016, Russia and China attacked American democracy by muddying the political discourse online. The virtual strikes, which included disinformation campaigns, online bots, and e-mail server hackings, marked one of the most direct interferences into American democracy by foreign actors in history. POLITICO's Steven Overly, on the lessons learned from the 2016 attacks, and how the federal government and tech giants are preparing to secure the 2020 election.

Steven Overly covers technology policy for POLITICO.
Carlos Prieto is a podcast producer for POLITICO.
Irene Noguchi is the executive producer of POLITICO audio.
Jenny Ament is the senior producer of POLITICO audio.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices