Inflation has cooled down, with a rise of just 1.6% in September, significantly lower than August’s 2.0%. Outside of the COVID-era disruptions, this marks the lowest inflation figure in 5.5 years, dating back to February 2019. Back then, the overnight rate was 1.75%, 2.5 basis points lower than today’s rate. The drop in shelter costs, which dipped from 5.3% to 5.0%, contributed to this inflation slowdown. However, the Bank of Canada’s core inflation measure, which excludes volatile components, remained steady at 2.3%.

What’s striking is that this inflation print came in below market expectations of 1.8%, significantly reshaping interest rate forecasts. Analysts are now predicting a 70% chance of a 50 basis point (bps) rate cut at the BoC’s meeting on Wednesday, with a further 25 bps reduction anticipated for December. If this scenario unfolds, the overnight rate could end 2024 at 3.5%, and markets expect it to drop to 2.5% by October 2025. Such a drastic forecast has led many mortgage brokers to advise clients to consider variable-rate mortgages, anticipating a steady decline in rates over the coming year.

At present, the BoC’s overnight rate stands at 4.25%, about 150-200 basis points above what is considered neutral. Given the state of inflation and a rising unemployment rate, there seems to be little reason for the BoC to delay a rate cut on Wednesday. This could also alleviate some of the pressure on Canada’s bond market which has been feeling the strain from high rates, though the Canadian dollar will be the sacrificial lamb.  

Housing starts in Canada have taken a significant hit, dropping 16% year-over-year (y/y). In Vancouver, this trend is even more pronounced, with a 23% decline in year-to-date housing starts. Toronto fares even worse, with condo starts down by 70% y/y, marking a three-year low. With a rolling 12-month condo pre-sale figure of just 6,000 units—an all-time low—developers are pulling back hard on new construction. With construction costs still high and no immediate relief in sight, this reduction in supply is likely to exacerbate Canada’s already tight housing market in the long term.

Another worrying trend is the increasing number of business closures. Last month, Canada saw a 1% drop in active businesses, the largest month-over-month (m/m) decline since the pandemic. The number of active businesses fell from 938,000 to 929,000, with construction companies leading the exodus—643 construction businesses shut down in September alone. This points to a broader economic slowdown, particularly in the housing sector, which is reliant on steady construction activity. New business openings also hit a four-year low, signaling reduced optimism among entrepreneurs.

All eyes are now on the BoC’s rate decision on Wednesday. With inflation easing and housing construction slowing dramatically, a rate cut seems increasingly likely. However, businesses are still struggling, and new policies may be needed to stimulate growth and prevent further economic downturns. The BoC’s decision will set the tone for the remainder of 2024, and possibly 2025, as Canada navigates these uncertain times.

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