Is violence caused by “bad people,” too many guns, or something deeper? In this episode, University of Chicago researcher Jens Ludwig reveals why most violent acts stem not from evil intent but from ordinary people in unforgiving situations. We explore how behavior, context, metacognition, and split-second decision-making shape violent outcomes — and why small, scalable interventions like pocket parks, foot traffic, and reflective thinking can dramatically reduce harm. If you care about safer communities, more innovative policymaking, or just want to understand human behavior better, our conversation with Jens will forever reshape how you view violence.

[0:00] Intro and Speed Round with Jens Ludwig

[10:18] Bad People vs Bad Situations

[15:55] The 10-Minute Window

[22:50] Dog Attacks and Tunnel Vision

[31:15] Eyes on the Street and Environment Shaping Behavior

[38:50] How Pocket Parks Reduce Crime

[47:27] In-Group/Out-Group Psychology and Neighborhood Conflict

[52:20] Metacognition, Education, and Preventing Violence

[1:00:57] Poker, Tilt, and Decision-Making Under Stress

[1:06:51] Desert Island Music Picks

[1:11:21] Grooving Session: Interventions and a Solution to Violent Crime

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Unforgiving Places: The Unexpected Origins of American Gun Violence

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