Restitutio

126 Dissidents in Britain (Five Hundred 10)

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Learn about the dissident groups in Britain in the 17th and 18th centuries, including the Puritans, Baptists, Quakers, and Unitarians. In addition, Sean Kelly presents a vignette of John Biddle’s life and influence.

This is lecture 10 of a history of Christianity class called Five Hundred: From Martin Luther to Joel Osteen.

All the notes are available here as a pdf.

—— Notes ——

Puritans

  • Robert Browne (1550-1633)
  • Treatise of Reformation without Tarrying for Any, and of the Wickedness of those Preachers which will not Reform…till the Magistrate Command and Compel Them
  • Reformation needed to take place whether or not the king wanted it or not
  • Congressionalist rather than Presbyterian
  • A group of Dutch Brownists were the ones who came to the New World in 1620s

    •  

    English Baptists

    • Not related to continental Anabaptists
    • Founded by John Smyth in 1609, an Englishman from Cambridge who fled to Amsterdam
    • General [Arminian] vs. Particular [Calvinist] are two types of Baptists
    • Reject role of the state in matters of conscience (church should be independent of the state)
    • John Bunyan (1628-88), Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners (1666)
      • Wrote autobiography Grace Abounding to Chief of Sinners
      • Pilgrim’s Progress (1678), second part appeared in 1684
      • Roger Williams (1603?-1683) brought Baptist faith to America

        •  

        Quakers (“Society of Friends”)

        • Founded by George Fox (1624-1691)
        • “Inner Light” written in 1647: The word of God is not confined to the Bible but rather came directly to each person (inner light or inner voice)
        • He rejected social distinctions, allowed women to preach
        • Pacifists and egalitarians (worked against slavery in the US using underground railway)
        • No sacraments at all b/c they were physical
        • Total silence during meetings until someone is inspired to speak

          •  

          British Unitarians

          • John Biddle (1615-1662), the father of English Unitarianism
            • brilliant man
              • 1634 his anthology he published his translations from classics into English
              • at university he “outran his instructors and became tutor to himself” (Protesters, 131)
              • 1634 he went to Magdalen Hall at Oxford
              • 1641 he was headmaster of the Crypt Grammar School in Gloucester
              • immersed himself in Scripture for years
              • knew entire NT by heart in English and most in Greek, though about Rev. 4 his memory got fuzzy
              • claimed he never read Socinian literature before coming to his own opinions
              • wrote a pamphlet, Twelve Arguments against the Deity of the Holy Spirit
              • 1646 summoned to London’s parliament and imprisoned for 5 years
              • 1648 Publishes two anti-Trinitarian documents
                • A Confession of Faith Toughing the Holy Trinity According to Scripture
                • The Testimonies of Irenaeus, Justin Martyr, Tertullian, Novatianus, Theophilus, Origen. As Also of Arnobius, Lactanius, Easebius, Hilary and Brightman Concerning the One God and the Persons of the Holy Trinity
                • 1652 Biddle released and remained in London where he found fellowship
                • 1654 Biddle published his Twofold Catechism
                • when Oliver Cromwell got in power Biddle was released
                • returned to quiet active work in a church
                • two months later he was imprisoned in Newgate prison
                • remained at St Mary’s for 3 years<
                  • ...more
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