In this episode, we begin exploring the second group of mental factors — the unwholesome (akusala) mental factors, which consist of fourteen states that give rise to unwholesome consciousness. This talk focuses on the first subgroup of four, which always arise together with every unwholesome mind: delusion (moha), moral shamelessness (ahirika), moral fearlessness (anottappa), and restlessness (uddhacca).

We learn how delusion blinds us from seeing the truth, how shamelessness and fearlessness toward wrongdoing destroy moral integrity, and how restlessness keeps the mind unsettled and unclear. Through reflection and mindfulness, we see how these states deceive us and how understanding them is the first step toward purification, peace, and wisdom.

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