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Michael "Micky" Collins is an internationally renowned expert in sports-related concussions and a consultant for multiple professional sports organizations. In this episode, Mickey first explains the definition and diagnosis of a concussion, as well as the diverse signs and symptoms associated with different types of concussions. He discusses the risk factors that contribute to increased susceptibility and/or severity of concussions in certain individuals, emphasizes the significance of prompt treatment, and uses case studies to illustrate the latest in treatment protocols and recovery process. Additionally, Mickey provides insight into the evolving field of concussion treatments, including the exploration of hyperbaric oxygen and synthetic ketones. He gives advice to parents of kids who play sports and discusses the promising prospects in the realm of concussion management.

We discuss:

• Micky's interest in concussion and how he started the first concussion clinic [3:15];
• Concussion: definition, pathophysiology, and risk factors making someone more susceptible [9:45];
• Symptoms of concussion, predictors of severity, and the importance of early and effective treatment [20:00];
• The six types of concussion, the effectiveness of treatment, and factors that impact recovery [25:45];
• The importance of seeing a specialist and the prognosis for recovery [30:00];
• Case study of a racecar driver who suffered a vestibular concussion [32:15];
• Why vestibular concussions are particularly problematic [42:45];
• A treatment plan for the racecar driver, possible use of medications, and how to address the root cause [45:45];
• Exploring alternative treatments: hyperbaric oxygen, synthetic ketones, and more [52:00];
• The natural history of a concussion if untreated and the effect, if any, of concussion on subsequent risk of brain disease [57:15];
• Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) [1:01:45];
• Advice for parents of kids who play sports: when and where to seek treatment for a possible concussion [1:04:45];
• Is there any evidence that the APOE4 genotype increases susceptibility to concussion or TBI? [1:10:15];
• The increased risk of concussions in older adults and a case study of a 90-year-old patient who suffered a head injury in a fall [1:11:15];
• Funding for concussion research and fellowship programs to train concussion specialists [1:15:30]; and
• More.

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