• The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days.
• Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England.
• The Battle of St. Quentin results in Emmanuel Philibert becoming Duke of Savoy.
• Pierre Barrière failed an attempt to assassinate Henry IV of France.
• The Treaty of Nerchinsk is signed by Russia and the Qing Empire (Julian calendar).
• Battle of Long Island: In what is now Brooklyn, New York, British forces under General William Howe defeat Americans under General George Washington.
• Maryland 400: Members of the 1st Maryland Regiment repeatedly charged a numerically superior British force during the Battle of Long Island, allowing General Washington and the rest of the American troops to escape.
• French Revolutionary Wars: The city of Toulon revolts against the French Republic and admits the British and Spanish fleets to seize its port, leading to the Siege of Toulon by French Revolutionary forces.
• Wolfe Tone's United Irish and French forces clash with the British Army in the Battle of Castlebar, part of the Irish Rebellion of 1798, resulting in the creation of the French puppet Republic of Connacht.
• Napoleonic Wars: The French Navy defeats the British Royal Navy, preventing them from taking the harbour of Grand Port on Île de France.

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• Yazid I's army kills 11,000 people of Medina including notable Sahabas in Battle of al-Harrah.
• The Seljuq Turks defeat the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert, and soon gain control of most of Anatolia.
• Ladislaus IV of Hungary and Rudolf I of Germany defeat Ottokar II of Bohemia in the Battle on the Marchfeld near Dürnkrut in (then) Moravia.
• Chittorgarh falls to the Delhi Sultanate, after which thirty thousand Hindu inhabitants are killed.
• At the Battle of Crécy, an English army easily defeats a French one twice its size.
• Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs: A vastly outnumbered force of Swiss Confederates is defeated by the Dauphin Louis (future Louis XI of France) and his army of 'Armagnacs' near Basel.
• Francisco de Orellana crosses South America from Guayaquil on the Pacific coast to the mouth of the Amazon River on the Atlantic coast.
• The first Lutheran denomination in North America, the Pennsylvania Ministerium, is founded in Philadelphia.
• Jesuits all over Chile are arrested as the Spanish Empire suppresses the Society of Jesus.
• Captain James Cook sets sail from England on board HMS Endeavour.
• The first recorded ascent of Triglav, the highest mountain in Slovenia.

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• The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to leave the province.
• Emperor Constantine V humiliates nineteen high-ranking officials, after discovering a plot against him. He executes the leaders, Constantine Podopagouros and his brother Strategios.
• The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III, the Archbishop of Utrecht.
• Regent George Mouzalon and his brothers are killed during a coup headed by the aristocratic faction under Michael VIII Palaiologos, paving the way for its leader to ultimately usurp the throne of the Empire of Nicaea.
• Philip III, although suffering from dysentery, becomes King of France following the death of his father Louis IX, during the Eighth Crusade. His uncle, Charles I of Naples, is forced to begin peace negotiations with Muhammad I al-Mustansir, Hafsid Sultan of Tunis.
• The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, is formed.
• António Mota and a few companions become the first Europeans to visit Japan.
• War of the Portuguese Succession: Spanish victory at the Battle of Alcântara brings about the Iberian Union.
• Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers.
• Portuguese forces are defeated by the Kingdom of Kandy at the Battle of Randeniwela in Sri Lanka.
• Seven Years' War: Frederick II of Prussia defeats the Russian army at the Battle of Zorndorf.
• War of 1812: On the second day of the Burning of Washington, British troops torch the Library of Congress, United States Treasury, Department of War, and other public buildings.

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• Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father.
• The Visigoths under king Alaric I begin to pillage Rome.
• Sack of Thessalonica by the Normans.
• King John of England, signer of the first Magna Carta, marries Isabella of Angoulême in Angoulême Cathedral.
• Six thousand Jews are killed in Mainz after being blamed for the bubonic plague.
• The town and castle of Berwick upon Tweed is captured from Scotland by an English army.
• The Ottoman Empire under Selim I defeats the Mamluk Sultanate and captures present-day Syria at the Battle of Marj Dabiq.
• Willem of Orange marries duchess Anna of Saxony.
• The first official English representative to India lands in Surat.

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• Mount Vesuvius begins stirring, on the feast day of Vulcan, the Roman god of fire.
• Odoacer, chieftain of the Germanic tribes (Herulic - Scirian foederati), is proclaimed rex Italiae ("King of Italy") by his troops.
• Siege of Jerusalem: The city's citadel, the Tower of David, surrenders to Khwarezmian Empire.
• The Battle of Tagliacozzo marks the fall of the Hohenstaufen family from the Imperial and Sicilian thrones, and leading to the new chapter of Angevin domination in Southern Italy.
• Sir William Wallace is executed for high treason at Smithfield, London.
• Battle of Cassel: French troops stop an uprising of Flemish farmers.
• Siege of Moscow: The Golden Horde led by Tokhtamysh lays siege to the capital of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
• The Battle of Chaldiran ends with a decisive victory for the Sultan Selim I, Ottoman Empire, over the Shah Ismail I, founder of the Safavid dynasty.
• Christian II of Denmark is deposed as king of Sweden and Gustav Vasa is elected regent.
• French Wars of Religion: Mob violence against thousands of Huguenots in Paris results in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.
• Long Turkish War: Wallachian prince Michael the Brave confronts the Ottoman army in the Battle of Călugăreni and achieves a tactical victory.[citation needed]

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• Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
• Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland.
• Battle of the Standard between Scotland and England.
• The Battle of Bosworth Field, the death of Richard III and the end of the House of Plantagenet.
• Bartolomé Carranza, Spanish archbishop, is arrested for heresy.
• Fettmilch Uprising: Jews are expelled from Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire, following the plundering of the Judengasse.
• Madras (now Chennai), India, is founded by the British East India Company on a sliver of land bought from local Nayak rulers.
• Charles I raises his standard in Nottingham, which marks the beginning of the English Civil War.
• Jacob Barsimson arrives in New Amsterdam. He is the first known Jewish immigrant to America.
• Britain's Quebec Expedition loses eight ships and almost nine hundred soldiers, sailors and women to rocks at Pointe-aux-Anglais.
• Spanish troops land on Sardinia.
• James Cook names and lands on Possession Island, and claims the east coast of Australia for Britain as New South Wales.
• British forces abandon the Siege of Fort Stanwix after hearing rumors of Continental Army reinforcements.
• Beginning of the Haitian Slave Revolution in Saint-Domingue, Haiti.

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• Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège.
• Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin-Song Wars.
• Battle of the Blacks: Uprising by the black African forces of the Fatimid army, along with a number of Egyptian emirs and commoners, against Saladin. The uprising is defeated after two days, consolidating Saladin's position as master of Egypt.
• Minamoto no Yoritomo becomes Sei-i Taishōgun and the de facto ruler of Japan. (Traditional Japanese date: the 12th day of the seventh month in the third year of the Kenkyū (建久) era).
• King Stefan Uroš III, after months of anarchy, surrenders to his son and rival Stefan Dušan, who succeeds as King of Serbia.
• Henry the Navigator leads Portuguese forces to victory over the Marinids at the Conquest of Ceuta.
• Pueblo Indians capture Santa Fe from the Spanish during the Pueblo Revolt.
• The Battle of Dunkeld in Scotland.
• Seventh Ottoman-Venetian War: The arrival of naval reinforcements and the news of the Battle of Petrovaradin force the Ottomans to abandon the Siege of Corfu, thus preserving the Ionian Islands under Venetian rule.
• James Cook formally claims eastern Australia for Great Britain, naming it New South Wales.
• King Gustav III completes his coup d'état by adopting a new Constitution, ending half a century of parliamentary rule in Sweden and installing himself as an enlightened despot.

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• Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is executed by his guards under mysterious circumstances while in exile.
• Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of the Levant away from the Byzantine Empire, marking the first great wave of Muslim conquests and the rapid advance of Islam outside Arabia.
• Battle of Acheloos: Tsar Simeon I of Bulgaria decisively defeats a Byzantine army.
• Canonization of the first King of Hungary, Saint Stephen and his son Saint Emeric celebrated as a National Day in Hungary.
• Richard I of England initiates the Massacre at Ayyadieh, leaving 2,600–3,000 Muslim hostages dead.
• Konrad von Wallenrode becomes the 24th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order.
• The Second Battle of Olmedo takes places as part of a succession conflict between Henry IV of Castile and his half-brother Alfonso, Prince of Asturias.
• Former Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt and his brother Cornelis are lynched by an angry mob in The Hague.

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• Abu Yazid, a Kharijite rebel leader, is defeated and killed in the Hodna Mountains in modern-day Algeria by Fatimid forces.
• Baldwin III of Jerusalem takes control of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from his mother Melisende, and also captures Ascalon.
• Pope Pius II is elected the 211th Pope.
• Mary, Queen of Scots, aged 18, returns to Scotland after spending 13 years in France.
• Eighty Years War: a besieging Dutch and English army led by Maurice of Orange forces the Spanish garrison of Sluis to capitulate.
• The "Samlesbury witches", three women from the Lancashire village of Samlesbury, England, are put on trial, accused of practicing witchcraft, one of the most famous witch trials in British history.
• Second Anglo-Dutch War: Rear Admiral Robert Holmes leads a raid on the Dutch island of Terschelling, destroying 150 merchant ships, an act later known as "Holmes's Bonfire".
• Prince Charles Edward Stuart raises his standard in Glenfinnan: The start of the Second Jacobite Rebellion, known as "the 45".

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• Battle of Marj Rahit: Umayyad partisans defeat the supporters of Ibn al-Zubayr and cement Umayyad control of Syria.
• The Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle is fought to a draw between the French army and the Flemish militias.
• The Siege of Málaga ends with the taking of the city by Castilian and Aragonese forces.
• The first grammar of the Spanish language (Gramática de la lengua castellana) is presented to Queen Isabella I.
• Marriage in Paris, France, of the Huguenot King Henry III of Navarre to Margaret of Valois, in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics.
• John White, the governor of the Roanoke Colony, returns from a supply trip to England and finds his settlement deserted.
• The trial of the Pendle witches, one of England's most famous witch trials, begins at Lancaster Assizes.
• Urbain Grandier, accused and convicted of sorcery, is burned alive in Loudun, France.
• The city of Shamakhi in Safavid Shirvan is sacked.
• A huge fireball meteor is seen across Great Britain as it passes over the east coast.
• The Senate of Finland is established in the Grand Duchy of Finland after the official adoption of the Statute of the Government Council by Tsar Alexander I of Russia.
• Major Gordon Laing becomes the first non-Muslim to enter Timbuktu.
• The Wilkes Expedition, which would explore the Puget Sound and Antarctica, weighs anchor at Hampton Roads.
• Camila O'Gorman and Ladislao Gutierrez are executed on the orders of Argentine dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas.
• American Civil War: Battle of Globe Tavern: Union forces try to cut a vital Confederate supply-line into Petersburg, Virginia, by attacking the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad.

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