You have heard a lot about how the pandemic affected those with a diagnosis – and it isn’t good. Recent studies have turned their attention to stress and anxiety and depression of caregivers during the pandemic. It was higher in those parents with children of a neurodevelopmental disorder, but it was also complicated, related to the functioning of the child and of course, when the questions were asked. Some used a “pre vs. during” pandemic design and some used a case-control design. But altogether, you can learn about the variation across families and across the world on this week’s #ASFpodcast.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34591373/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34591364/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34657487/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34776249/

On this week’s podcast, we interview Dr. Giacomo Vivanti from the AJ Drexel Autism Institute who, together with Daniel Messinger from University of Miami, wrote an analysis of how research and intervention have changed since the DSMIII was written 40 years ago. They include theories of the causes of autism, the theories of the deficits and strengths of autism as it has changed over time, as well as intervention styles to meet the expanding understanding of autism. You can read the paper below, but Dr. Vivanti gives a great summary in a 30 minute interview!

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33491120/

Two weeks ago the topic was gene x environment interactions. But some genetic variants, including rare genetic variants, can exert huge influence on a diagnosis by themselves. New data from genetic samples that have been sequenced are showing an increase in the number of these genes and the role of these genes, and how they work with common variants. What are rare and common variants? How do they influence a genetic diagnosis? And what does this mean for the future of genetics in ASD? Listen to Dr. Behrang Mahjani at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine who authored two recent publications on the topic.

The practice of ABA, or applied behavioral analysis, can be easily misunderstood. Rather than a single procedure, ABA is a variety of techniques that can be applied to different situations to improve communication, reduce aggression, and improve the quality of life of people on the spectrum. Why is it getting a bad reputation? Is the ABA of today the same as it was in the 1960’s? And what benefits does the techniques and principles of ABA confer to those on the spectrum? Listen to today’s #ASFpodcast which also includes footage from Melanie Pellecchia’s Day of Learning presentation.

You have maybe heard about how environmental exposures after conception or birth may affect genetic expression and then risk of developing autism. But what research has been done to look at preconceptional exposures, presumably exposures that affect the cells that then give rise to sperm and eggs? Turns out they are susceptible to some environmental exposure too, which could lead to a change in the way genes are expressed in the embryo, the fetus, and then the child. Want to know more? Jill Escher just published a study with scientific colleagues about this hypothesis and she explains it in this week’s podcast.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34596807/

A couple of weeks ago, a group in Australia published a study that investigated the efficacy of a “preemptive” intervention. That is, what happens if you provide support to parents to improve social communication, interaction and skills in infants before a diagnosis can be made? The results have a lot of meaningful implications of what interventions are possible at this age, how they can be delivered, and what it means to NOT receive an autism diagnosis but still show challenges. But the Twitter hive didn’t perceive it that way. This week I explain what the study did and didn’t do, and how it can help people across the spectrum.

Open access here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8453361/

You may know this as “masking” or “camouflaging” where autistic adults intentionally or unintentionally hide their autistic features to pass as non-autistic because they want to hide some of their challenges. This week, Drs. Erin Libsack and Matthew Lerner from Stony Brook University summarize a systematic review on this behavior. The original goal was to develop their own studies, but as it turns out, there are still so many unanswered questions to deal with that were unearthed from this systematic review.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34505231/

Instead of a podcast, this week is a message in honor of the 1 year anniversary of the death of advocate and mother Feda Amaliti. Stay safe. Out of this tragedy, a website has been built that contains information for families on how to prepare for an unexpected emergency and what to do when it happens. Please go to www.september26.org.

Also, we need your help in figuring out what the needs of families with disabilities are in terms of safety training and education. Please fill out this survey: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/LivingSafelyWithDisabilities2

Early changes in eye gaze – or the time spent looking at another person’s face compared to the scene around them – is diminished in ASD. It starts to decline at about 12 months and is linked to later social communication behaviors. But many people wonder why this is an early developing behavior worth studying? Also, what happens in school age to kids that show poor eye gaze and infancy, and those who are on the “broader spectrum” but not a diagnosis in infancy – how do they fare at school age? Devon Gangi from UC Davis MIND Institute talks to us about both of these things and why baby siblings are so important

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33615438/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34008921/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34378867/

There have been several small, or small-ish, studies looking at the link between dementia and autism or ID. However, recently, the largest medical record study of 500k people, 12k of which were autistic and 26k were autistic and had ID, examining early onset dementia was published. Those with ASD had a 1.9 increased risk for dementia and it was even higher for those with ASD + ID. Why? Is it psychological or biological or both? Researchers at the AJ Drexel Autism Institute investigate.