Autism Science Foundation Weekly Science Report

People with autism have lots of problems, and sleep is one of them. This week’s podcast explores when these problems begin, which brain areas are involved, and how autism contributes to, or suffers from, lack of sleep. Does sleep make ASD worse or are ASD symptoms causing a sleep problems? It’s not a one way street, and the neurons that go to the wrong places at the wrong times which cause ASD, may also be contributing to lack of good sleep. References below:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33207724/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33184732/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32375538/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32140983/

There have been more than a few podcasts lately about why intellectual abilities (or disability) are important in understanding ASD. It will probably be a theme in the end of year summary. This week, intellectual ability affects risk of dying from COVID and how anxiety is measured. Some studies show that increasing cognitive ability increases chances of having anxiety, although, because it is not always measured appropriately in those with intellectual disability, this linear relationship may not hold. However, while it is important in anxiety and COVID, it may have less to do with how pain is expressed. Podcast links below:

If you want to register for the December 9thwebinar about the COVID Vaccine:  

https://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-update/vaccine-webinar-series

Developmental disorders top the medical conditions that heighten the risk of dying from Covid-19

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33198481/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33175317/

Girls and boys with autism generally show the same symptoms of ASD overall, but what about different aspects of features? What would happen if you studied girls and boys separately and examined detailed assessments of things like motor skills, repetitive behavior, communication or social interaction? These are where subtle signs of differences between genders is showing up. Girls show a higher age of diagnosis, but that depends on cognitive ability. Also, girls with ASD seem to have superior social interaction skills, which reflects normal gender differences. These differences are magnified over time. A new study also looks at Vitamin D levels during pregnancy and outcome in boys vs. girls…..the results are still unclear but interesting.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33137209/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33135392/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33136459/

Separating out those with ASD with an intellectual disability from those with ASD without an intellectual disability can more precisely identify factors that influence probability of having a child with ASD as well as factors which can prevent or preclude services. For example, in those without an intellectual disability, there seems to be stronger heritable component. Mothers and fathers with ASD were more likely to have a child with ASD without an ID compared to those with an ID. Also, children of immigrant parents may be missed and lack essential services if they do not have more profound identifiable symptoms like ID. For the sake of better improving research and services for everyone, is it time to stop lumping and start splitting?

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33103358/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33049777/

If only 10% of people with ASD have a known genetic mutation associated with autism, what is the point? Why bother? This week we discuss why it is important for that 10%, what the benefits are, and how genetic testing may help the other 90% as well.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929720301130

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/146/4/e20193211

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2869000/

On this day, October 12th, we celebrate Indigenous People’s Day by talking about how many indigenous people have ASD, what services to they receive and what are scientists around the world doing to help them. It’s not enough, but it’s a start.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32762685/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31999495/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31928063/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19962033/

We are now about 8 months into the pandemic and the effects of social distancing. How are families doing? What are scientists doing to understand the effects and ways to help families in the future? This podcast describes four international studies that addressed what families were experiencing and how they were coping. A list of references is below:

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/9/2937/htm

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32899799/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32503172/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32808424/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32939917/

The Scoop podcast

Inclusion Sucks. Or, Why My Son with Severe Autism Has Nowhere to Swim this Summer

Three Strikes… and He’s Out? What happens when the regular world has had enough of my son’s autism

https://www.ncsautism.org/blog//three-strikes-and-hes-out

Life with an autistic child can be difficult. During a pandemic it can be grueling

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/22/861079758/he-s-incredibly-confused-parenting-a-child-with-autism-during-the-pandemic

On this week’s ASF weekly science podcast, we provide a recent review on influences of speech and language both in those with ASD who are verbally fluent, as those who have minimal verbal ability. What does the brain look like in those with minimal verbal ability and are there interventions to help improve social communication ability in those with not just minimal verbal ability but also cognitive disability? What are some early markers or behaviors that predict understanding and communicating? Listen to learn more.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32909382/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32881387/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32827357/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32812191/

Not all people with autism spectrum disorder are the same, obviously. Are there things that can predict positive outcome? Are they different based on something like cognitive ability? And what determines cognitive ability and how early is it seen? Have other studies lumped all the autisms into one pile which has represented what people along the spectrum at different points actually need? This podcast tackles it all this week.