B12 deficiency affects up to 20% of people over the age of 60. It is often left undiagnosed but can present

in many ways. In this episode I look at the nuance involved in making the diagnosis and treating it appropriately

so that people do not come to harm.

NICE guidance: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng239

B vitamins: https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/vitamin-b-complex#What-is-vitamin-B-complex?

Dr Casimir Funk: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2418743-casimir-funk-the-scientist-who-gave-us-the-word-vitamin/

Beri-beri (B1 deficiency): https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000339.htm

Pernicious anaemia: https://www.healthline.com/health/pernicious-anemia

B12 food sources: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/vitamin-b12-foods

Drugs that affect B12: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6054240/

Thyroid eye disease: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17558-thyroid-eye-disease

MMA testing: https://labtestsonline.org.uk/tests/methylmalonic-acid

Active B12: https://www.nice.org.uk/advice/mib40/chapter/introduction

A decent explanation of methylation and why not all types of B12 and folate are the same for all: https://drkellymccann.com/beginners-guide-to-methylation-and-b-vitamins/

Caution with B12/folate fortified foods if you have a methylation issue as they can be in the wrong form: https://zoe.com/learn/fortified-foods#

Sublingual B12 vs oral vs infection: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11845-023-03602-4#

THE HEALTH FIX - the best health book in the world?! https://www.amazon.co.uk/Health-Fix-Dr-Ayan-Panja/dp/1914239326

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