Three complementary constructs ̶ cardiovascular health, cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment ̶ exist to aid physicians in understanding where a patient is in the journey from health to disease and assist with clinical decision-making for preventive interventions across the life course.

In this interview, Drs. Clyde Yancy and Donald Lloyd-Jones review the origins, objectives, and application of these cardiovascular constructs in practice.

SUGGESTED MATERIALS:

1. Lloyd-Jones DM, Allen NB, Anderson CAM, et al; on behalf of the American Heart Association. Life's Essential 8: updating and enhancing the American Heart Association's construct of cardiovascular health: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2022;146:e18-e43.

2. Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, et al; on behalf of the American Heart Association. Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023;148:1606-35.

3. Khan SS, Matsushita K, Sang Y, et al; for the Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium and the American Heart Association Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Science Advisory Group. Development and validation of the American Heart Association's PREVENT equations. Circulation 2023;149:430-49.

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