Michael Ralla joins the podcast to share his journey through the world of visual effects, with a focus on his latest project as VFX Supervisor on the film Sinners. He discusses how he worked closely with cinematographer Autumn Durald Arkapaw, whose fearless approach to lighting and darkness pushed the creative envelope. The episode features a deep conversation about the differences between film and digital, the evolving language of color, and how these choices impact storytelling—insights that are especially relevant to the visual style of Sinners.

Michael also opens up about his unconventional path into VFX, from his early ambitions as a heavy metal drummer to finding his footing in sound engineering, and ultimately discovering his passion for compositing. He reflects on his formative years at Scanline, learning the ropes through hands-on experience, and how that foundation led him to major studios like Digital Domain and ILM. Throughout the episode, Michael’s candid perspective offers a rare look at the challenges and excitement of modern visual effects, as well as the importance of staying adaptable in an ever-changing industry.

Jess Loren, CEO and co-founder of Global Objects, joins us for a wide-ranging conversation about the future of immersive content and the creative tech reshaping the industry. A force to be reckoned with, Jess has a sharp pulse on where things are headed, and she doesn't hold back when discussing the current state of Hollywood. She talks candidly about the challenges studios and creators face today, and how technology like digital scanning, virtual production, and Gaussian splats can embolden independent filmmakers. Jess also shares insight into how she builds meaningful partnerships across art, tech, and media.

Her business and life partner, Erick Geisler, appeared back in episode 483, and together they’ve helped position Global Objects at the intersection of innovation and storytelling. In this episode, Jess dives into her own journey as an entrepreneur and explains how she identifies trends before they break, working with brands, creators, and studios to help them stay ahead. Whether you're building pipelines, pitching ideas, or just trying to understand where things are going, this episode offers a grounded, unfiltered look at the creative future.

Johnson Yan, a trailblazer in real-time 3D graphics, joins the podcast to recount his remarkable journey from the earliest days of computer graphics and flight simulation. Starting in the late 1970s, Johnson tackled fundamental challenges like texture mapping, anti-aliasing, translucency, and scalability, long before today's GPU technology emerged. He shares insights into his pioneering work at Singer-Link, where he developed flight simulators utilizing vector graphics and early raster technology, laying the groundwork for both military training and future advancements in real-time visualization.

In this episode, Johnson also discusses his transition into the commercial sector, detailing his impactful roles at companies like Sun Microsystems and Oak Technology. He explores his efforts to develop affordable 3D graphics chips, significantly enhancing consumer PCs' capabilities. Reflecting on industry milestones such as the rise of NVIDIA, the evolution from rasterization to ray tracing, and the integration of AI into modern graphics, Johnson provides unique historical context and personal anecdotes. His firsthand perspective offers a rare glimpse into the technological evolution of real-time graphics spanning nearly half a century.

Sebastian Sylwan has a wealth of experience, having been CTO at Weta Digital, Scanline, and Felix & Paul Studios, as well as Director of Technology at Digital Domain. He’s spent his career at the intersection of art and technology, helping world-class teams push the boundaries of visual effects, immersive media, and real-time workflows. In this episode, he reflects on the challenges of innovating in production environments—where the pressure to deliver can often stifle meaningful experimentation—and offers a thoughtful look at how our industry might evolve if we rethink our relationship with technology.

We talk about what it means to be truly innovative, how to design systems that scale while still empowering artists, and why creative industries so often fall into patterns of short-term thinking. Sebastian also shares some candid thoughts on how leadership, culture, and communication play a critical role in making or breaking new ideas. If you’ve ever struggled to bring a great tool or pipeline into a legacy studio, or wondered why some groundbreaking tech never catches on, this episode is for you.

Scott Ross, legendary VFX executive and co-founder of Digital Domain, joins the podcast for an unfiltered conversation about the state of the film industry and the visual effects business. With decades of experience and a reputation for telling it like it is, Scott digs into the systemic challenges facing Hollywood—from broken economic models in studio filmmaking to the relentless pressure on VFX vendors. He reflects on his time building Digital Domain alongside James Cameron and shares insights from his new book, UPSTART: The Digital Film Revolution – Managing the Unmanageable, which chronicles his journey through the chaos and creativity that have defined modern filmmaking.

While Scott doesn’t sugarcoat the industry’s issues, he also sees glimmers of hope. He highlights the rise of global talent and a shift toward more authentic, filmmaker-driven storytelling. The conversation touches on the role of AI, the decline of theatrical experiences, and the urgent need for systemic change—while still holding onto the belief that the future of cinema is worth fighting for. With honesty, insight, and passion, Scott offers a rare perspective from someone who’s been at the center of the digital revolution and still has something to say.

Joshua Lastine, an entertainment lawyer, returns to the podcast to break down the rapidly changing legal and business landscape of the film industry. As AI tools reshape content creation, streaming platforms redefine distribution, and independent filmmakers leverage new technology, Joshua explains how contracts, intellectual property, and revenue models are evolving. He dives into the legal implications of AI in filmmaking, from WGA and SAG-AFTRA’s new protections to the ethical and financial risks of content licensing for AI training. He also discusses how major studios are adapting to these shifts and what it means for the future of traditional and independent production.

The conversation highlights how cutting-edge technology is empowering low-budget filmmakers to create studio-quality content without massive resources. Joshua explores the impact of real-time rendering, virtual production, and AI-driven tools on independent filmmaking, making it easier than ever to produce high-end visuals on a fraction of the budget. He also breaks down the shifting economics of streaming vs. theatrical releases, how tax incentives influence production locations, and why smart distribution strategies are more critical than ever. Packed with expert legal insights and industry analysis, this episode offers a roadmap for navigating the intersection of law, technology, and the evolving film industry.

Oliver Markowski, Head of 3D at RISE, returns to the podcast to dive deep into the latest advancements in VFX technology. Since his last appearance, the industry has seen major shifts, and Oliver shares insights on how USD and MaterialX have evolved, shaping how studios exchange data and build pipelines. He discusses the adoption of USD across the industry, from major VFX houses to tech giants like NVIDIA and Apple, and the challenges of standardizing MaterialX for real-world production. Oliver also provides an update on RISE’s latest projects, including their work on Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3, Megalopolis, and the highly anticipated Fallout series.

A major focus of the conversation is the use of Gaussian Splats and how they are revolutionizing virtual production and 3D asset capture. Oliver explains how this technique has surpassed neural radiance fields (NeRFs) in efficiency, enabling real-time 3D reconstruction with remarkable accuracy. He explores its potential to replace traditional polygon-based workflows and the challenges of integrating Gaussian Splats into existing VFX pipelines. With fascinating insights into real-time rendering, AI-driven workflows, and the future of digital filmmaking, this episode is a must-listen for anyone following the cutting edge of VFX innovation.

Eric Barba, Academy Award-winning VFX supervisor, returns to the podcast to discuss his latest work on Alien: Romulus, directed by Fede Álvarez, for which he is nominated for an Oscar in 2025. He shares the challenges of bringing the world of Alien to life, from balancing practical effects with cutting-edge VFX to ensuring the film stays true to Ridley Scott’s iconic franchise. Eric dives into the evolution of creature effects, how real-time technology is being used in production, and the meticulous process of creating photorealistic environments that blend seamlessly with on-set footage.

Beyond Alien: Romulus, the conversation explores how VFX workflows are evolving, the increasing role of AI in production, and Eric’s thoughts on the future of the industry. He also reflects on his time at Digital Domain, leading teams on groundbreaking projects like The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (David Fincher), Tron: Legacy (Joseph Kosinski), and Oblivion (Joseph Kosinski). With behind-the-scenes insights and expert knowledge, Eric offers a fascinating look into the state of visual effects today and where it’s heading next.

In the special 500th episode of the CG Garage podcast, Steve Preeg, one of the first-ever guests of the show, returns to reflect on a decade of change in the visual effects industry. An Academy Award-winning VFX supervisor known for his groundbreaking work on The Curious Case of Benjamin Button and TRON: Legacy, Steve shares how both the industry and his own career have evolved since his last appearance. He delves into advancements in digital humans, motion capture, and AI tools, providing insights into the shifting landscape of technology-driven storytelling and where it’s headed next.

The conversation highlights Steve’s contributions to iconic films and the new challenges he faces as he explores innovations in real-time rendering and virtual production. As he reflects on the growth of the podcast and his long-standing friendship with Chris, Steve offers unique advice for aspiring artists navigating the rapidly changing VFX world. This milestone episode celebrates the evolution of both CG Garage and the art of visual effects, showcasing how collaboration and innovation have shaped the industry over the last 10 years.

Jake Maymudes, visual effects supervisor and CEO of Wylie Co., shares his experiences working on major projects like Dune: Part One, Dune: Part Two, and Alien: Romulus. Jake discusses the creative and technical challenges involved in creating the stunning visuals for these films, from complex simulations to photoreal environments. He also reflects on his journey through the visual effects industry, including early work at ILM and his collaborations with industry titans like Paul Lambert and Eric Barba, who he credits as key influences in his career.

The conversation dives into the shifting landscape of visual effects, with Jake exploring the growing role of AI in workflows and its implications for artistry and production. He highlights Wylie Co.'s ability to adapt and thrive by handling diverse projects, from high-profile films to episodic content like The Last of Us. Packed with behind-the-scenes insights, Jake's reflections provide a fascinating glimpse into the evolving art and business of visual effects, emphasizing the importance of collaboration, adaptability, and creative problem-solving.