Charlemagne was a king, emperor, conqueror, reformer, and the father of a united Europe. On this episode we look at how he forged the Holy Roman Empire and built the foundations of western civilization as we know it.

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Sources:

Two Lives of Charlemagne by Einhard and Notker

Charlemagne From the Hammer to the Cross by Richard Winston

King and Emperor: A New Life of Charlemagne by Janet Nelson

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Writing, research, and production by Ben Wilson.