Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prescribed by healthcare professionals to manage hypertension and heart failure. By inhibiting ACE, enalapril reduces the production of angiotensin II, a substance that narrows blood vessels and increases blood pressure. Widening blood vessels alleviates hypertension and decreases the workload on the heart, making it beneficial for heart conditions. Common side effects may include cough and dizziness. Regular monitoring by healthcare providers ensures its effectiveness and manages potential side effects. Enalapril is often part of a comprehensive cardiovascular treatment plan.

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Prednisone, a synthetic corticosteroid, is prescribed by healthcare professionals to treat inflammatory conditions such as allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and skin disorders. It works by suppressing the immune response and reducing inflammation. Available in various forms, including oral tablets and liquid solutions, prednisone's dosage and duration are tailored to the individual's condition. While effective, long-term use or high doses can lead to side effects like weight gain, mood changes, and increased susceptibility to infections. Careful monitoring by healthcare providers is essential to balance its benefits with potential risks.

Pioglitazone (Actos) is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. It belongs to the thiazolidinedione class of drugs and works by improving insulin sensitivity. By activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), pioglitazone helps the body utilize glucose more effectively and reduces the liver's production of glucose. It is typically prescribed as an adjunct to diet and exercise when other oral antidiabetic medications are insufficient in controlling blood sugar levels. Pioglitazone can be used alone or in combination with other diabetes medications, including insulin. Common side effects include weight gain, fluid retention, and edema. Rare but serious adverse events such as congestive heart failure and bladder cancer have been reported, so healthcare professionals must carefully assess the risks and benefits before prescribing pioglitazone. Regular monitoring of liver function is recommended, and patients should be educated about potential side effects and instructed to report any unusual symptoms. Overall, pioglitazone can be an effective tool in managing type 2 diabetes when used judiciously and under appropriate medical supervision.

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Suboxone is a medication commonly used for the treatment of opioid dependence. It is a combination of two active ingredients: buprenorphine and naloxone. Buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist, helps reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms by binding to the same receptors in the brain as opioids but with milder effects. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, is included to deter misuse of the medication. If Suboxone is crushed or injected, naloxone counteracts the effects of other opioids, precipitating withdrawal symptoms. When taken as directed sublingually (under the tongue), naloxone has minimal bioavailability and does not interfere with the therapeutic effects of buprenorphine. Suboxone is typically prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment program that includes counseling and psychosocial support. Healthcare professionals play a critical role in managing Suboxone treatment, including patient assessment, monitoring progress, and adjusting dosages as needed. While Suboxone is generally well-tolerated, common side effects include constipation, nausea, headache, insomnia, and sweating. Healthcare professionals should educate patients about potential side effects and provide guidance on managing them. Suboxone, when used in conjunction with a comprehensive treatment approach, can be an effective tool in helping individuals reduce cravings and work towards sustained recovery from opioid dependence.

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Hyoscyamine is also known by the brand name Levsin. It is most commonly used to treat GI or bladder spasms or as adjunct treatment for IBS, PUD, and colic. It is also used in the treatment of rhinitis. It comes in a wide variety of dosage forms with the most common strengths being 0.125 mg and 0.375 mg. A common dosing regimen is between 0.125 mg - 0.25 mg every 4 hours as needed. The 0.375 mg dose is most commonly used with extended release formulations and dosed every 8-12 hours. Common side effects are xerostomia, dry eyes, dizziness, fever, blurred vision, and insomnia. There is a risk for fever or heat stroke especially when exercising or if in high heat environments.

Haloperidol also known by the brand name Haldol is a first generation antipsychotic. Haldol is commonly used in the treatment of Psychosis and Tourette Syndrome. There is also an off label use for acute agitation. When using Haldol it is important to use the lowest effective dose. A common dosing range is between 0.5-2 mg which is taken by mouth and divided two to three times daily. In severe treatment cases the treatment range can be as high as 3-5 mg PO 2-3x daily. The mechanism of action is proposed to be from selective antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors. Haldol is widely distributed throughout the body and is 92% protein bound. There is a black box warning for dementia-related psychosis. Haldol is not approved in dementia-related psychosis due to an increased risk of cardiovascular or infectious events that can lead to mortality in elderly patients.

Paroxetine, also known as Paxil, is a Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) used in the treatment of various mood disorders. Mood disorders such as major depressive disorder, OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and mild-moderate menopausal vasomotor symptoms. Dosing varies by indication but commonly between 20-50 mg PO qam for immediate release dosage forms and around 12.5-75 mg PO qam for the extended release dosage forms. The absorption of paroxetine is not affected by food and is completely bioavailable after oral administration. The half-life elimination is around 21-24 hours. There is a black box warning for suicidality with the increased risk seen in children, adolescents, and young adults. Always weigh the risks vs benefits when using the medication.

Triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a combination product that is known by the brand name DIazide or Maxide. It is a combination of two diuretics. Triamterene is a potassium-sparing diuretic while HCTZ is a thiazide diuretic. This combination product is used in the treatment of hypertension and peripheral edema. It comes as a capsule and as a tablet. Both work in the distal convoluted tubule but triamterene increases potassium retention while HCTZ does not. Common side effects are muscle cramps, electrolyte disorders, constipation, and orthostatic hypotension. There is a black box warning for hyperkalemia that can be potentially fatal if uncorrected and potassium should be monitored in high risk patients. It can be taken with or without food and should be taken 4 hours before or 4-6 hours after medications like cholestipol and cholestyramine.