History Behind News Program

What does “cashless bail” really mean, and why is the federal government suddenly taking notice. From Rikers Island to reform efforts in New Jersey and New York, pretrial detention affects more lives than most people realize, often punishing individuals before trial. In this episode, Dr. Kellen Funk explains why bail is not just a legal technicality — it’s a societal issue that shapes justice, equity, and everyday life.

🚩HbN's Revolutionary and Founding Project: https://analyzingamericanrevolution.com/

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About My 201st Guest Scholar:

Dr. Kellen Funk is a professor of law at Columbia Law School and a legal historian who studies civil procedure, remedies, and the development of the American bail system - among other subjects

He’s the author of "Law’s Machinery: Reforming the Craft of Lawyering in America’s Industrial Age", published in 2024, and he’s currently working on a new book titled "American Bail: A History of Wealth and Pretrial Detention in the United States".

Dr. Funk’s scholarship combines historical research methods with data science, including an original text analysis project mapping case law citations across all legal literature in the 19th-century United States.

His co-authored study of the transmission of legal codes in Reconstruction America, published in the 2018 American Historical Review, has become a foundational work in the field of digital legal history. He also leads a digital project called Bail at the Founding—a fascinating collection of stories, records, books, and documents showing how bail actually worked in the founding era of the United States.

🚩Adel Aali

host & producer

☑️Where to find my program:

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More than 230 scholar interviews and counting!

Has Iran experienced more foreign interventions than other countries? What really happened to Iran in 1953? And why are Iranians reinterpreting its history now?

🚩⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Analyzing American Revolution ⁠- a new podcast series by History Behind News Program.

🚩About My Guest Scholar:

Dr. Vali Nasr is a professor and former dean of International Affairs and Middle East Studies at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, where he is now the co-director of the SAIS Rethinking Iran Initiative.

Dr. Nasr has advised world leaders, business leaders, and senior American policymakers, including the U.S. President, Secretary of State, senior members of Congress, and presidential campaigns.

🚩My Recommendations:

►Iran alone - 400 years without allies! A discussion of Dr. Nasr's "Iran's Grand Strategy"

►2003 and Iran-US Failed Diplomacy: a discussion of Dr. Nasr's "The Dispensable Nation - American Foreign Policy in Retreat"

►How U.S. Sanctions On Iran Backfired On America: a discussion of Dr. Nasr's "How Sanctions Work: Iran and the Impact of Economic Warfare"

🚩Adel Aali

host & producer

☑️Where to find my program:

Home:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://historybehindnews.com ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

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More than 230 scholar interviews and counting!

Why Dec. 25? Why so much Christmas conflict & controversy in Christianity's history? Why is Christmas so important to Christianity? And to America?

In this episode, I ask my guest, Dr. Carey Roberts, the following questions:

►Why is Christmas such a grand celebration? What does this tell us about Christianity?

►Did it take a while for Christmas to take a central role in Christianity

►What's the difference between recognition and celebration of Christmas

►Did Christmas piggyback on existing Roman pagan traditions?

►How did Christmas enter America's culture? If not the Puritans, then which immigrant group introduced Christmas to America?

►Were there any regional differences in the celebration of Christmas?

►When did U.S. businesses begin to capitalize on Christmas?

►Would President Grant have witnessed a similar Christmas celebration in Boston and Savannah?

►Would George Washington recognize our Christmas? How about Andrew Jackson? Abraham Lincoln? Teddy Roosevelt?

►What happened to Christmas after WWII?

►Is it a bad thing that non-Christians and/or non-practicing Christians celebrate Christmas?

⁠

🚩About My Guest:

Dr. Roberts is a Professor of History⁠ and Online Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Liberty University. His research interests include early American intellectual and economic history. He has lectured and published widely in the fields of the American Founding, monetary and banking history, American intellectual life, and Southern literature. He has been a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church of America and the Evangelical Presbyterian Church. Here is his ⁠academic homepage⁠. This is a replay of my 2023 interview with him.

Also, ⁠watch my interview with Dr. David Silverman⁠ about the real history of Thanksgiving.

I hope you enjoy these interviews about the history behind our news.

Adel Aali, host & producer

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Scholars Unravel Middle East:

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Will Prime Minister Takaichi be a champion for women's rights?

🚩⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Analyzing American Revolution - a new podcast series by History Behind News Program.

⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠🚩In this interview:

►Women's Nudity in 19th-century Japan

►Victorian Europe's Perception of Women

►What is significant about the year 1868?

►Japan's sudden rush to modernize itself

►Uneven Modernization for Women Across Japan

►Women’s Education in Modern Japan

►The American Occupation of Japan

►Coeducation and Confusion In Society

►Japanese Women Writers: Successful Careers, Personal Anguish

►Did Coeducation Change Women’s Traditional Roles?

►Japan Job Ads: "No Women Wanted"!

►The 1966 Sumitomo Case

►Second-wave Feminism in Japan

►Comparing Japanese and American Feminism

►PM Takaichi's Parents and Political Rise

►Will PM Takaichi Champion Japanese Women's rights?

🚩About My 198th Guest Scholar:

Dr. Julia Bullock is a professor of Japanese Language and Literature and the Director of the Institute for Global Research and Learning at Emory University.

Dr. Bullock has published extensively on Japanese women and feminism in the modern period. Her books include:

• "The Other Women’s Lib: Gender and Body in Japanese Women’s Fiction"
• "Coeds Ru-ining the Nation: Women, Education, and Social Change in Postwar Japanese Media", and
• Her forthcoming book is tentatively titled "Beauvoir in Japan: Postwar Japanese Feminism and The Second Sex", which has a dedicated website with interactive maps of Japan and some really striking images from the 1960s.

🚩Adel Aali

host & producer

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🎵 attribution, links and license for thetheme music in this podcast: The Success by Keys of Moon | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://soundcloud.com/keysofmoon⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Music promoted by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.free-stock-music.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0): ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

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More than 230 scholar interviews and counting!

Prof. Silverman describes the first Thanksgiving: an accidental feast between frenemies that was never repeated. 

How much is our Thanksgiving tradition based on real events that transpired sometime in the fall of 1621 in Plymouth, Massachusetts? And why does it matter anyway?

Don't all nations have feel-good traditions that are partly based on facts, but mostly predicated on myths? 

Professor David Silverman answers these questions and more. For example, he shares with us that Europeans had been in contact with the Wampanoag Native Americans, who are the "Indians" of our Thanksgiving tradition, since at least 1524. And that the Pilgrims were guided to Plymouth by at least one crew member who touted its advantage - hint: all its native inhabitants had died of disease, leaving houses and fields empty and available for the would-be English settlers. And while the turkey was certainly on the menu, so was eel!   In this episode, Professor Silvermans explains the aftermath of that first Thanksgiving. And by way of follow-up, I ask him to explain why it is that some Native Americans observe a Day of Mourning on Thanksgiving.  

Professor Silverman is the author of This Land is Their Land: The Wampanoag Indians, Plymouth Colony, and the Troubled History of Thanksgiving, a 2019 book. Click this link for this book's Amazon page.  Professor Silverman has written several other books about the history of Native Americans, which are listed on his academic homepage is along with his other publications, projects and honors.  Here is the direct link to Professor Silverman's academic homepage: ⁠⁠https://history.columbian.gwu.edu/david-silverman ⁠⁠

⁠History of Christmas⁠:

⁠In this interview⁠, Dr. Carey Roberts tells us the real story behind America's celebration of Christmas.

I hope you enjoy this episode.

Adel, host & producer

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How Gerrymandering has backfired on its proponents.

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🚩About My 197th Guest Scholar:

Dr. Shawn Donahue is a professor of Political Science at the University of Buffalo, where a primary part of his research focuses on redistricting, representation, partisan and racial gerrymandering as well as voting rights and campaign finance. In addition to his research, Dr. Donahue has had a decade of experience as a lawyer, including eight years as a prosecutor. Relevant to the subject of our interview, he submitted an amicus brief before the U.S. Supreme Court in an important 2019 case that dealt with issues of partisan gerrymandering in Wisconsin. He also contributed to a report that helped lead to a ruling that the Virginia U.S. House map was a racial gerrymander in 2016. And here is his personal website.

►The New York Times report mentioned in this interview.

►Image Description:

The bizarre cartoonish creature in this podcast's thumbnail image was printed in March 1812, representing state senate election district of South Essex created by the Massachusetts legislature to favor the Democratic-Republican Party. The word is a combination of Gov. Elbridge Gerry's last name and a monster-like salamander - hence, Gerrymander.

Attribution: By Elkanah Tisdale (1771-1835) (often falsely attributed to Gilbert Stuart)[1] - Originally published in the Boston Centinel, 1812., Public Domain.

🚩Adel Aali

host & producer

☑️Where to find my program:

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More than 225 scholar interviews and counting!

Ed Koch. Donald Trump. Rudy Giuliani. Al Sharpton. Spike Lee. And more. They were the tabloid gods of New York at a pivotal time in the City's modern history - a time when several issues erupted into crises that caused chaos in NYC and made national headlines. And we discuss them in this interview because many of those issues persist to this day, and continue to polarize NYC's population and politics.

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In this interview:

►"Gods" of New York

►1986-90: pivotal years in NYC's history

►How Wall Street and real estate development took over

►NYC's 1980s crisis of house affordability - a reckoning now

►How did homelessness blow up into a major crisis in NYC?

►Who was "Billie Boggs" and why did Pres. Reagan talk about her with the Soviets?

►What tactics did Donald Trump deploy to get rid of his tenants?

►Killing of Black New Yorkers by an all-white NYPD

►Murderous racial tensions between White and Black New Yorkers

►Black community's mistrust of the criminal justice system

►In 1985, NYC became a non-white city

►NYC's crisis of identity

►A city for billionaires?

🚩About My 196th Guest Scholar:

Mr. Johnathan Mahler is a staff writer for The New York Times Magazine and his journalism has received numerous awards. He is the author of:

• "Ladies and Gentlemen, the Bronx Is Burning" - a bestselling book and was adapted as an ESPN mini-series,
• "The Challenge" - a New York Times Notable Book, and
• "The Gods of New York: Egotists, Idealists, Opportunists, and the Birth of the Modern City: 1986-1990", which we discuss in this interview.

🚩My Recommendation:

►S3E47, Prof. Maria Foscarinis: America's history of homelessness

🚩Adel Aali

host & producer

☑️Where to find my program:

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More than 200 scholar interviews and counting!

Venezuela was once a liberal democracy with close geopolitical relations with the United States. So what happened?

This is the story of Venezuela's devolution from democracy to dictatorship, and from cooperation with America to coups and open conflict.

🚩⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Support My Program⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

In this interview:

►How did the Cold War affect US-Venezuela relations?

►How Venezuela's liberal democracy ended

►Irony of US-Venezuela anti-Cuba cooperation

►How Venezuela's pluralistic society became polarized

►Selling oil to your enemy

►Venezuela's path to China

►U.S. warned Chavez about coup

►Chavez's viciousness & belligerence toward America

►What is Competitive Authoritarianism?

►Chavez the Robin Hood

►How Chavez's coalition changed

►Consequences of Chavez expelling the DEA

►Pres. Trump's bounties for Maduro's capture

►Four sectors that dictators need to survive

🚩About My 195th Guest Scholar:

⁠Dr. Javier Corrales is Chair of Amherst College Political Science Department. His many books about Venezuela are listed on his ⁠academic homepage⁠.

In addition to his books, Dr. Corrales has published extensively, including his recent paper "⁠Intentional polarization: How policy extremism and ideological overuse promote democratic backsliding⁠".

Watch this interview: 🎞️ https://youtu.be/aJKtFsijPt4

🚩My Recommendations:

►⁠S5E8, Dr. Michael J. LaRosa⁠: Colombia

►⁠S5E25, Dr. Jose Miguel Cruz⁠: El Slavador

►⁠S4E12, Dr. Carmen Martínez Novo⁠: Ecuador

🚩Adel Aali

host & producer

☑️Where to find my program:

Home:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://historybehindnews.com ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

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More than 200 scholar interviews and counting!

Venezuela was once a liberal democracy with close geopolitical relations with the United States. So what happened?

This is the story of Venezuela's devolution from democracy to dictatorship, and from cooperation with America to coups and open conflict.

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In this interview:

►How did the Cold War affect US-Venezuela relations?

►How Venezuela's liberal democracy ended

►Irony of US-Venezuela anti-Cuba cooperation

►How Venezuela's pluralistic society became polarized

►Selling oil to your enemy

►Venezuela's path to China

►U.S. warned Chavez about coup

►Chavez's viciousness & belligerence toward America

►What is Competitive Authoritarianism?

►Chavez the Robin Hood

►How Chavez's coalition changed

►Consequences of Chavez expelling the DEA

►Pres. Trump's bounties for Maduro's capture

►Four sectors that dictators need to survive

🚩About My 195th Guest Scholar:

⁠Dr. Javier Corrales is Chair of Amherst College Political Science Department. His many books about Venezuela are listed on his academic homepage.

In addition to his books, Dr. Corrales has published extensively, including his recent paper "Intentional polarization: How policy extremism and ideological overuse promote democratic backsliding".

Watch this interview: 🎞️ https://youtu.be/aJKtFsijPt4

🚩My Recommendations:

►S5E8, Dr. Michael J. LaRosa: Colombia

►S5E25, Dr. Jose Miguel Cruz: El Slavador

►S4E12, Dr. Carmen Martínez Novo: Ecuador

🚩Adel Aali

host & producer

☑️Where to find my program:

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More than 200 scholar interviews and counting!

Exceptions to & exapnsions of Freedom of Speech.

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In this interview:

►Was the First Amendment really the first?

►Why does the First Amendment only mention Congress?

►Did our Founders believe the President has no power to restrict freedom of speech?

►To our Founders and their British counterparts, was freedom of press more consequential than freedom of speech?

►In the First Amendment, is the word "THE" controversial?

►Does Pres. Trump's Executive Order to prosecute flag burning violate the First Amendment?

►Was the suspension of Jimmy Kimmel's show a 1st amendment violation?

►Do states extend freedom of speech protection to private employees?

►When and how did the Bill of Rights, including the First Amendment, get applied to states?

►What is Selective Incorporation of the Bill of Rights?

►Can a federal employee be fired for their political affiliation?

►Why is Pres. Trump relitigating the Supreme Court 1960's "Sullivan" case?

🚩About My 194th Guest Scholar:

Prof. Eugene Volokh is a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University. He is Emeritus professor of law at UCLA, where he taught First Amendment law among other subjects. And before UCLA, he clerked at the US Supreme Court for Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. Prof. Volokh is the author of "The First Amendment and Related Statutes" 8th Ed., and he hosts Free Speech Unmuted – a video podcast series sponsored by the Hoover Institution.

Watch this interview: 🎞️ https://youtu.be/MJLtinvs03o

🚩My Recommendations:

►S3E16, Dr. Aimee Edmondson: Sullivan Case, Defamation Suits & Journalism

►⁠S5E35, Dr. Robert Thompson: Late-Night TV Show Hosts & History

►⁠ S5E30, Dr. Lindsay P. Cohn: National Guard & Civil-Military Relations - From Whiskey Rebellion To Los Angeles

Committee on First Amendment, relaunched by Jane Fonda on Oct. 1, 2025.

🚩Adel Aali

host & producer

☑️Where to find my program:

Home:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://historybehindnews.com ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

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🎵 attribution, links and license for thetheme music in this podcast: The Success by Keys of Moon | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://soundcloud.com/keysofmoon⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Music promoted by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.free-stock-music.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0): ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

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