The consensus says "biological race doesn't exist". But if race doesn't exist, how do we justify affirmative action, cultural appropriation, and all our other race-related practices? The consensus says that, although race doesn't exist biologically, it exists as a series of formative experiences. Black children are raised by black mothers in black communities, think of themselves as black, identify with black role models, and face anti-black prejudice. By the time they're grown up, they've had different experiences which give them a different perspective from white people. Therefore, it's reasonable to think of them as a specific group, "the black race", and have institutions to accommodate them even if they're biologically indistinguishable.

I thought about this while reading A Professor Claimed To Be Native American; Did She Know She Wasn't? (paywalled), Jay Kang's New Yorker article on Elizabeth Hoover. The story goes something like this (my summary):

https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/how-should-we-think-about-race-and