2026 marks the 250th anniversary of American independence, and here in Boston Independence Day comes early, on a holiday we celebrate every year on March 17 as Evacuation Day. In the early months of 1776, the American Revolution was stuck in a freezing, muddy stalemate. For nearly a year, George Washington’s fledgling Continental Army had kept the British regulars pinned inside the city of Boston, but without heavy artillery, they lacked the muscle to actually end the occupation. Washington, frustrated and desperate, even fantasized about a suicidal frontal assault across the ice of the Charles River. But the arrival of Henry Knox and his “noble train of artillery”—dozens of cannons hauled 300 miles through the winter wilderness from Fort Ticonderoga—flipped the script overnight. This episode explores the high-stakes gambit that followed: the secret, overnight fortification of Dorchester Heights.
We’ll dive into the primary accounts of those who lived through it—from Abigail Adams listening to the earth-shaking roar of a diversionary bombardment, to British officers waking up to find a “miraculous” fortress staring down their throats. You’ll learn how Washington used the best tactics and technology of 18th-century military engineering, like portable bulletproof shields crafted of wicker and dirt, known as Gabions, Fascines and Chandeliers, pulling off a logistical feat that left the British commander, General Howe, stunned. It’s a story of military brinksmanship, a providential storm that changed the course of history, and the chaotic, plundering retreat of the British that we remember every March 17th as Evacuation Day. Join us as we go behind the lines of the first great American victory of the war.
Full show notes: http://HUBhistory.com/348/
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Evacuation Day
View of Boston from Dorchester, 1773
View of Boston from Dorchester, 1773
Abbatis
Chandeliers and fascines
Gabions at Fort Ticonderoga
Gabions at Fort Ticonderoga
Castle William, 1705
Castle William, 1773
Castle William, 1771
Castle William on fire
J.L., Bell. “Gen. Howe Addresses the Selectmen.” Boston 1775, 2008.Heath, William, 1737-1814. Heath’s Memoirs of the American War. New York: A. Wessels Company, 1904.“Cambridge, March 21.” The New-England Chronicle: Or, the Essex Gazette, 21 Mar. 1776.“Cambridge, March 14.” The New-England Chronicle: Or, the Essex Gazette, 14 Mar. 1776.Rowe, John, 1715-1787. Letters And Diary of John Rowe, Boston Merchant, 1759-1762, 1764-1779. Boston: W. B. Clarke company, 1903.Barker, John, fl. 1775. The British In Boston: Being the Diary of Lieutenant John Barker of the King’s Own Regiment From November 15, 1774 to May 31, 1776. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1924.Balch, Thomas. Papers Relating Chiefly to the Maryland Line during the Revolution. Philadelphia, T.K. and P.G. Collins, for the Seventy-Six Society, 1857.Letters and General OrdersGeorge Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Reed, 26 February 1776General Orders, 26 February 1776George Washington to John Hancock, 26 February 1776George Washington to the Massachusetts Council, 26 February 1776General Orders, 27 February 1776William Tudor to John Adams, 29 February 1776General Orders, 29 February 1776George Washington to Major General Artemas Ward, 2 March 1776Abigail Adams to John Adams, 2 March 1776General Orders, 3 March 1776Boston Selectmen to George Washington, 8 March 1776Horatio Gates to John Adams, 8 March 1776General Orders, 13 March 1776John Sullivan to John Adams, 15 March 1776Abigail Adams to John Adams, 16 March 1776General Orders, 19 March 1776George Washington to John Hancock, 19 March 1776General Orders, 20 March 1776Proclamation on the Occupation of Boston, 21 March 1776Joseph Ward to John Adams, 23 March 1776John Adams to Abigail Adams, 29 March 1776Maps and imagesArchibald Robertson’s “Sketch of the burning & destroying of Castle William in Boston Harbour”John Montresor’s “A general & particular plan of the island of Castle William near Boston”Colonel Wolfgang Romer’s 1705 “The Respective Profiles belonging to the great Iconografical Draughts of Castle Island in the Bay of Boston”VIEW of BOSTON the Capital of NEW ENGLAND from Col. HATCH’s House on the Road to DORCHESTERChandelier, is a wooden frame, whereon are laid fascines to cover the workmen while carrying on the approaches